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題名：團隊決策中的共享信息偏差:基於隱藏文檔範式的機制、影響因素探究
書刊名：心理科學進展
作者：陳婷／孫曉敏
作者(外文)：Chen, Ting／Sun, Xiaomin
出版日期：2016
卷期：2016(1)
頁次：132-142
主題關鍵詞：共享信息偏差；隱藏文檔範式；團隊決策；信息分享；Shared information bias；Hidden profile paradigm；Group decision-making；Information sharing
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在決策任務中,團隊由於擁有來自不同成員的多樣信息,因此通常被認為能夠較個體做出更高質量的決策。但大量的研究結果表明,團隊對於信息的利用並非十分有效,表現在團隊會更多地討論所有成員都擁有的信息(即共享信息),而相對忽視了每個成員所獨有的信息(即非共享信息),這種現象被稱為"共享信息偏差(Shared information bias)"(Stasser&Titus,1985)。共享信息偏差的存在阻礙了團隊獲取更高質量的決策結果。本文基於隱藏文檔範式,針對共享信息偏差的產生原因,分別介紹了信息取樣模型、動態信息取樣模型、相互提升效應、偏好效應這4種解釋機制,並歸納總結了信息分布、團隊任務特徵、成員特徵及動機因素這4類影響因素的作用。最後,從結合團隊認知、探究情緒因素及整合團隊有效性框架這三個方面對未來的研究進行了展望。
In decision-making tasks, groups are often expected to achieve better decision quality than individuals because groups possess various information from their members. But a lot of research results showed that groups are not as effective as expected in using the various information. Groups tend to focus more on the information possessed by all members(shared information) than on the information possessed by an individual member(unshared information). This phenomenon is called "Shared Information Bias "(Stasser & Titus, 1985). The existence of shared information bias hinders the groups from achieving better decision quality. Based on the hidden profile paradigm, this paper illustrated the mechanisms of shared information bias from four perspectives, namely information sampling model, dynamic collective information sampling model, mutual enhancement effect, and preference effect. Also, this paper summarized the roles of four influential factors including information distribution, group task characteristics, member characteristic, and motivation factors. Future researches could focus on combining the team cognition, exploring the influences of affective factors, and integrating the group decision effectiveness model.
期刊論文
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