心理學研究中的可重復性問題：從危機到契機__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	心理學研究中的可重復性問題：從危機到契機
書刊名：	心理科學進展
作者：	胡傳鵬／王非／過繼成思／宋夢迪／隋潔／彭凱平
作者(外文)：	Hu, Chuanpeng／Wang, Fei／Guo, Jichengsi／Song, Mengdi／Sui, Jie／Peng, Kaiping
出版日期：	2016
卷期：	2016(9)
頁次：	1504-1518
主題關鍵詞：	可重復性；假陽性；基於估計的統計；開放科學；革新；Replicability；False positive；Estimate-based statistic；Open science；Reform
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:0 點閱:4

可重復性問題是當前科學界面臨的共同問題。最近,心理學研究領域的可重復性問題也受到廣泛關注,引起了研究者的積極討論與探索。通過對2008年發表的100項研究結果進行大規模重復實驗,研究者發現,心理學研究的成功重復率約為39%,但該研究仍然存在著巨大的爭議,不同的研究者對其結果的解讀不盡相同。針對可重復性問題,研究者通過數據模擬、元分析以及調查等多種方法來分析和探索其原因,這些研究表明,可重復性問題本質上可能是發表的研究假陽性過高,可疑研究操作是假陽性過高的直接原因,而出版偏見和過度依賴虛無假設檢驗則是更加深層的原因。面對可重復性問題,研究者從統計方法和研究實踐兩個方面提出了相應的解決方案,這些方法與實踐正在成為心理學研究的新標準。然而,要解決可重復性問題,還需要心理學研究領域的多方參與,尤其是在政策上鼓勵公開、透明和開放的研究取向,避免出版偏見。心理學研究者為解決可重復性問題做出的努力,不僅會加強心理學研究的可靠性,也為其他學科解決可重復問題提供了借鑒,推動科學界可重復問題的解決。

以文找文

The recent replication crisis in psychology has raised increasing concerns. Given that it is important for psychologists to understand the replication crisis and the consequent changes in the field, the present review aimed at providing an overview of the relevant events and highlighting the methodological reforms in psychology. First, we briefly recapitulated the events that raised doubt about reliability of psychological research. Then, we focused on a recent large-scale replication study(Reproducible Project: Psychology) and the following debates. In addition, three underlying causes of the replication crisis were examined: 1) the overabundance of false positive results, which is mainly caused by the prevalence of questionable research practices, 2) publication bias, and 3) the over-reliance on Null-Hypothesis Significant Testing(NHST) and misunderstanding of p-values, which was confirmed by our survey among Chinese psychology students and academics. More importantly, the proposed solutions provided in the literature were also reviewed, e.g., shifting from NHST to alternative statistical methods and adopting new ways to enhance research integrity(i.e., pre-registration, full disclosure, and open data and materials of studies). Finally, we call for joint efforts by policy makers, researchers and educators to solve the replication crisis.

以文找文

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2.	Chang, A. C.，Li, P.(2015)。Is economics research replicable? sixty published papers from thirteen Journals say "usually not"，Washington。，https://www.federalreserve.gov/econresdata/feds/2015/files/2015083pap.pdf。
3.	Ebersole, C. R.，Atherton, O. E.，Belanger, A. L.，Skulborstad, H. M.，Allen, J. M.，Banks, J. B.，Nosek, B. A.(2016)。Many Labs 3: Evaluating participant pool quality across the academic semester via replication，https://osf.io/csygd。
4.	Schimmack, U.(2014)。Quantifying statistical research integrity: The Replicabilty-Index，http://www.r-index.org/uploads/3/5/6/7/3567479/introduction_to_the_r-index__14-12-01.pdf。
5.	Smaldino, P. E.，McElreath, R.(2016)。The natural selection of bad science，http://arxiv.org/abs/1605.09511。
6.	Van't Veer, A. E.，Giner-Sorolla, R.(2015)。Public template for pre-registration，https://osf.io/k5wns/。

圖書論文
1.	Kirk, R. E.(2008)。The importance of effect magnitude。Handbook of research methods in experimental psychology。Oxford：Blackwell Publishing Ltd.。
2.	Kline, R. B.(2004)。What's wrong with statistical tests: and where we go from here。Beyond significance testing: Reforming data analysis methods in behavioral research。Washington, DC：American Psychological Association。

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