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題名:全球化與上海-浦東的後殖民發展
作者:施長安 引用關係
作者(外文):Shih Chang-an
校院名稱:國立臺灣大學
系所名稱:建築與城鄉研究所
指導教授:夏鑄九
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2003
主題關鍵詞:中國上海浦東全球化後殖民現代性城市性全球城市ChinaShanghaiPudongGlobalizationPostcolonialModernityUrbanityGlobal city
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理論(重)寫作:全球化與「上海-浦東」的後殖民發展
中文摘要
本研究以「上海-浦東」計劃為對象,探討一個「超大城市提案」的定位、意義與象徵。透過這個寫作策略,本研究同時將「上海-浦東」計劃置放於「城市發展之政治經濟分析」、「殖民與後殖民之城市研究」與「城市性與城市地景之文化研究」三個次領域中進行分析。透過「後殖民國家主義」、「後殖民現代性」與「混雜現代性」三個核心理論概念,這個跨領域寫作計劃的成果,將建構一個從政治經濟學到文化研究的上海城市研究的理論視野。
本研究引用Castells關於中國革命性國家到發展性國家之概念,並將其所指出的中國的「國家主義」,置放於亞洲社會參與全球化進程所導致東方主義的復興的脈絡中加以考察,透過分析在中國或是社會主義中國有長遠歷史且獨特之「東方人的東方主義」的抵抗策略,重新解釋了中國百年來對抗殖民主義的策略發展、困境與轉化。並指出中國的「改革開放」政策,其實是國家以「西方主義」的建構與詮釋,開啟了Homi Bhabha所謂的「含混」關係之空間,並因此區分了中國的「發展性國家」不同於東亞模型之所在,重新確立了中國以其特殊之「後東方主義」/ 後殖民時期之對抗論述所建構的一個對內壓制、對外爭霸的「後殖民國家主義」。
本研究並進一步以全球化下中國的「雜交 / 混血」實踐與後殖民發展之概念,重新審閱與詮釋中國「改革開放」政策自八0年代以至九0年代之轉變:從八0年代的「大中國」計劃 / 論述與全球區域到九0年代「上海-浦東」計劃 / 論述與「中國 / 東方」的建構,總結了中國的改革開放政策所隱涵後殖民發展之策略意含。
從中國作為後殖民國家的策略性全球化的觀點,「上海-浦東」計畫作為一個空間計畫的議程表得以被重新理解,亦即,從「深圳-廣東」到「上海-浦東」:轉向全球主義,觀照與定位「上海-浦東」計畫的角色、位置與功能,並且提出完全不同於第一世界全球城市研究者對於全球化與全球城市的理論模型,重新定義與詮釋一個作為後殖民國家策略性全球主義下,「邁向全球化」與「變成全球化」中的上海城市。
本研究亦從上海城市歷史與中國現代化歷史的角度來考察九0年代「上海-浦東」計畫對「中國現代性」發展此一議題的啟發與轉變。並提出「後殖民現代性」之概念,來呈現中國的中央與地方政府如何巧妙地透過各種計畫與營造的技術,真實的營造了「上海-浦東」,卻也實踐了後殖民策略與轉化了殖民現代性之歷史經驗為一後殖民現代性的空間形式文化技術。
論文最後將「上海-浦東」計畫置於殖民與後殖民城市研究的角度下,逐層地解析當今「上海-浦東」城市空間文化形式之複雜歧義的城市象徵與意義。並且提出「混雜現代性」的概念,預言了2010年上海世博對於「上海-浦東」城市之作用與意義,將是「海派文化」的再生。
Theoretical Rewriting: Globalization and Post-Colonial Development of “ Shanghai-Pudong”
This study targets “Shanghai-Pudong” plan and aims to explore the position, meaning and significance. Through this writing strategy, the study also places “Shanghai-Pudong” Plan in three sub-regions of “political and economic analysis of city development”, “colonial and post-colonial city study” and “cultural research of urbanity and landscape of city” for further analysis. Moreover, based on three core theoretical conceptions of “post-colonial nationalism”, “post-colonial modernness” and “mixed modernness”, the result of this trans-regional writing plan will construct a theoretical vision of Shanghai City studies ranging from political economics to cultural research.
The study cites the conception introduced by Castells on China evolving from revolutionary country to developmental country and places Chinese “nationalism” pointed out by him in the skeleton of revival of Orientalism caused by the participation of Asian society in the process of socialism and observe it. With analysis of the strategy of resistance of “Oriental people’s Orientalism” which has a long history and is unique in China or socialist China, we re-explain the development, dilemma and transformation of strategy used by Chinese against colonialism for more than one hundred years. It also points out that Chinese “reform and open” policy is in fact that the country opens an space of so-called “vague” relations by Homi Bhabha with the construction and annotation of “Westernism”, and thus discriminates Chinese “developmental country” from the model used by East Asia countries and re-establishes Chinese “post-colonial nationalism”, which usually suppresses dissidence in home and contends for hegemony overseas, constructed by Chinese unique “post-Orientalism” / confrontation discourse of post-colonialism.
The research furthers to re-exam and annotate the changes of Chinese “reform and open” policy from 1980s to 1990s with the Chinese implementation of “hybridization/miscegenation” and conception of post-colonial development: from the Greater China plan/discourse and global areas in 1980s to “Shanghai-Pudong” plan/discourse and structure of “China/Orient” in 1990s, concluding with the strategic meaning of post-colonial development implicated in Chinese reform and open policy.
From the view of Chinese strategic globalization as a post-colonial country, “Shanghai-Pudong” plan can be re-understood as an agenda of space plan. That is, from “Shenzen-Guandong” to “Shanghai-Pudong”, all projects were re-directed to globalism. The research also observes, compares and positions the role, location and function of “Shanghai-Pudong” plan and presents a totally different theoretical model from the first global city researcher’s model for globalization and global cities by re-defining and re-annotating Shanghai city which is on the way “toward globalization” and “having been globalized” under strategic globalism of a post-colonial country.
The research also observes, from angles of histories of Shanghai city and Chinese modernness, the enlightenment and changes brought by “Shanghai-Pudong” plan to the development of this subject by “Chinese modernness”. Furthermore, it presents conception of “post-colonial modernness” to show how Chinese central and local governments skillfully take advantage of various plans and technology of construction to construct “Shanghai-Pudong”, but it in turn implements post-colonial strategy and transform the historical experiences of colonial modernness into the technology of space in the cultural form of post-colonial modernness.
Finally, the thesis places “Shanghai-Pudong” plan under the angle of colonial and post-colonial city studies to analyze step by step the complicated and different symbols and significance of space in the cultural form of current “Shanghai-Pudong” City. It also presents the conception of “mixed modernness” for predicting that the effect and significance the 2010 World Fairs in Shanghai will be, among others, the revival of “Shanghai Culture”.
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