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題名:台灣企業領導人之宗教信仰、企業文化、公共關係、企業社會責任、職場靈性與經營績效之關係
作者:林靖權
校院名稱:國立嘉義大學
系所名稱:企業管理學系
指導教授:李鴻文
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2014
主題關鍵詞:宗教信仰企業文化企業社會責任Religious BeliefCorporate CultureSocial Responsibility of Corporate
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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「破壞性創新」的策略(Christensen, 1997, 2003)是創造新競爭優勢的一個新手段,其最大的關鍵因素在於企業的領導者能否創造其獨特的企業文化。將其企業文化貫穿整體企業上下各部門並維繫其效率運作,企業文化對外代表企業團體,對內是穩固人心的無形力量,是企業組織的靈魂。唯有企業自行創造出優異且獨特的企業文化,並有效運行整體組織達成企業目標。
有關宗教形成為企業文化等研究,甚至對經營績效之研究為數不多,本研究在博士論文中為第一篇,因此可供參考的文獻不多,大都僅止於碩士論文。然本研究利用線性結構方程式(SEM)驗証量表,將企業領導者對(1)宗教信仰;(2)企業文化;(3)公共關係;(4)企業社會責任;(5)職場靈性;(6)經營績效,共6個主構面及22個次構面,共計82問題,問卷共發出307份回收有效問卷250份。
假說共六個,唯假說一:領導者宗教信仰是會影響其企業文化時,結果無相關性,是本研究最大意外與發現。其餘五項假說均成立,究其原因:由本研究結果及文獻探討發現(一)台灣民間信仰自由且多元,平時的宗教參與感較淺顯,高達67.2%平時無宗教活動。文獻指出有77%美國人將宗教活動視為其每日生活的一部分。另日本二戰後其天皇-武士道政教合一制度被瓦解,武士道精神將宗教帶入日本企業,形成其帶有宗教色彩的企業文化,創造出不朽企業,如豐田汽車、SONY…等其領導者將宗教精神,塑造成其獨特的企業文化,創造企業的競爭優勢。(二)2013暴發食安問題,頂新、味全集團負責人牽扯其中。同年日月光電子廠排放毒污水。但兩造負責人均是佛教虔誠信仰者,同是宗教徒但其所做所為讓社會各界相當錯愕。鴻海集團郭台銘其篤信道、佛教,2014發生該集團集體貪污,涉案幹部為數十年之老臣,顯現台灣企業領導者還未能有效將宗教精神融入其企業文化之中。
本研究最主要之發現以歷史的角度來分析台灣企業負責人宗教信仰對其企業文化及經營績效之影響,經由此研究可得知台灣企業負責人對宗教之熱忱仍未深化而改變其企業文化,有待共同努力。
本研究雖在結構適度性有一些瑕疵,但基本上經過適度刪減變項後,仍是在可接受範圍內,驗証本研究方法及理論之有效性。
The strategy of “Disruptive Innovation” (Christensen, 1997, 2003) is a new mean to create new competitive advantage. The key factor is if the entrepreneur may create its unique corporate culture. Using its corporate culture to pass through its every division and maintaining their effective arrangement. Toward outsider, corporate culture represents its corporate. Toward its employees, corporate culture is the invisible force to secure their mind. It is the soul of the corporate. Only the corporate creates its outstanding and unique corporate culture to function itself effectively and then achieve its goal.
This study of the effect of religion toward corporate culture or operational performance is few. This research we adapt the statistic technique of structural equation model to test the measurement. This research create 6 main dimensions and sub-dimensions: (1) Religious belief; (2) Corporate culture; (2) Social responsibility; (3) Corporate moral; (4) Office responsibility; (5) Operational performance; (6) Office spirituality, following with 82 questions. We collected back 250 questionnaires out of 307.
Among six hypotheses, only the first hypothesis: the religion of the Taiwanese Entrepreneur influences the corporate culture is not relevant according to the SEM results. This is the biggest surprise while the rest five hypotheses are tested relevant. Investigating the reasons, the possible explanations are:
1. The religion activities in Taiwan are non-scheduled, so that the involvement of the religion is rather superficial. Unlike western Christian or Catholicism, they have to go to church every week. In Japan, its samurai spirits still exist generally in the society. They live in their company, are absolutely royal to their boss and the company provides lifetime employment. This unique culture therefore helps to create world-class corporation, like TOYOTA. Also the leader of SONY is also a religious fanatic and creates his own unique corporate culture.2. Taiwan broke out a serious food safety issue during Sep. 2013. The leader of Ting Hisn Corporation is involved. Another large Corporation, ASE Group was caught draining toxic water during Nov. 2013. Two leaders of these two large corporations are pious Buddhism. This reveals that although they have regional belief, the behavior of corporations that they lead is still far beyond social expectation. Jan, 2014, the corruption of the management team of Foxconn has been investigated. Those corrupted member are senior supervisors and have worked for more than 10 years. The religion of the owner of Foxconn is well known as Guan Yu whose spirit is full of the sense of honor and justice. Therefore these indicate that leaders of corporate are necessary to sculpturing their own corporate culture.
This study’s main finding is to analysis the effect of Taiwanese Entrepreneur’s religion toward corporate culture and operational performance by a historical mean. From this study we may conclude that the enthusiasm of Taiwanese Entrepreneur toward religion has not deepened into corporate culture and then not change their corporate culture yet.
Although there are some flaws on the fitness of the SEM Model, but after deleting some variables, the result is acceptable which can still prove the validity of methodology and theory of this study.
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