臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫系統

:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
第 1 筆 / 總合 1 筆   第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁
/1頁
題名：「我們」談談，「好」嗎？－第一人稱複數代名詞在人際互動中所表徵的心理意涵
作者：林瑋芳
作者(外文)：Wei-Fang Lin
校院名稱：國立臺灣大學
系所名稱：心理學研究所
指導教授：林以正
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2014
主題關鍵詞：心理適應；字詞分析；第一人稱複數代名詞；關係適應；interpersonal relationship；motivation；text analysis；“we” pronoun
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:0
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:38
關係聚焦（relational-focus）與共享認同（share identity）是人際關係理論中重要的概念，許多實徵研究已經發現其有助於關係的發展與維繫，對個人的身心適應亦有所&;#31110;益。近來語言分析取向嘗試使用第一人稱複數代名詞「我們」的使用頻率來表徵關係聚焦與共享認同，但其對關係滿意度的預測效果卻不穩定，可能的調節因素仍待釐清。本研究以動機觀點切入，主張「我們」與適應指標之間的關聯，會受到個體所持的動機觀點調節而有不同的作用方向。本文依據Crocker所提出的兩大動機觀點架構區分出個我系統動機與生態系統動機，進一步以人際目標、友誼動機及人際情境等不同的角度切入，探討動機對「我們」和適應指標之間的調節效果。結果顯示持關愛目標的個體，使用越多「我們」，其幸福感越高，心理憂鬱越低（研究一）；以自我肯定操弄驅動生態系統動機的個體，使用越多「我們」，其在對話過程中經驗到的正向情緒越多，負向情緒越低，且心理適應也越好（研究二）；相對地，低趨近友誼動機的個體，使用越多「我們」，其友誼關係越差（研究三）；高支配傾向的個體在衝突對話中使用越多「我們」，其關係滿意度越差（研究四）；最後，感恩表達的情境中，使用越多的我們，其婚姻滿意度越高，生活滿意度也越高，且心理憂鬱越低（研究五）。總結而言，「我們」與正向適應指標之間的關聯，在偏向生態系統動機的個體上相對增強，在個我系統動機的個體上則相對減弱；反之，「我們」與負向適應指標之間的關聯，則對個我系統動機的個體而言更為明顯，對生態系統動機的個體則無此效果。針對本研究的理論貢獻、應用延伸及研究限制，在綜合討論中有更深入的闡述與說明。
Relational-focus and shared identity are important concepts in interpersonal processes and have positive impact on relationship functionings and personal health. Recently, researchers from language studies suggested that the use of the first-person plural pronoun (“we”) could be used as an implicit marker of relational-focus and shared identity. However, the relationships between the use of “we” pronoun and relationship satisfaction were unstable. Thus, clarification of possible moderating mechanisms are called for. Based on the perspective of ego-system and eco-system motivations, the current research argued that the interpersonal goals would moderate the relationships between “we” pronoun use and adjustment indices. Five studies with different operationalizations of the eco- and ego-motivation systems including self-affirmation priming, manipulations of approach and avoidance motivations, expression of gratitude, and individual differences measures, were adopted to examine this proposed moderation effect. Dyadic interactions between couples across various communication contexts were observed and their dialogues were recorded, transcribed, and then analyzed by LIWC.
Results confirmed that interpersonal motivations moderated the relationships between “we” pronoun uses and adjustment indices as predicted. More specifically, for those who hold eco-system motivation perspective, the more they used “we” pronoun in various communication contexts, the better relationship satisfaction and psychological adjustment they achieved. In contrast, for individuals with ego-system motivation, “we” pronoun positively correlated with negative outcomes. The current research confirmed the proposed moderation mechanism and further supported that language markers could be effective indices of implicit psychological processes. Empirical and theoretical implications are also discussed.
李怡真、林以正（(2006）：〈愛情關係中的情緒表達衝突之縱貫研究〉。《中華心理學刊》，48，53-67。new window
張妤玥、陸洛（2007）：〈愛情關係中對方衝突管理方式與自身關係滿意度之關連〉。《中華心理衛生學刊》，20，155-178。new window
陸洛（1998）：〈中國人幸福感之內涵、測量及相關因素探討〉。《國家科學委員會研究彙刊，人文及社會科學》，8，115-137。
黃金蘭、Chung, C. K.、Hui, N.、林以正、謝亦泰、程威詮、Lam, B.、Bond. M.、 Pennebaker, J. W.（2012）：〈中文版語文探索與字詞計算字典之建立〉。《中華心理學刊》，54，185-201。new window
Agnew, C. R., Van Lange, P. A. M., Rusbult, C. E., &; Langston, C. A. (1998). Cognitive Interdependence: Commitment and the Mental Representation of Close Relationships. Journal of Personality &; Social Psychology, 74, 939-954.
Aiken, L. S., &; West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions: Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Aldao, A. (2013). The future of emotion regulation research: Capturing context. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8, 155-172.
Argyle, M., Martin, M., &; Crossland, J. (1989). Happiness as a function of personality and social encounters. In J. P. Forgas &; J. M. Innes (Eds.), Recent advances in social psychology: An international perspective. (pp. 189-203). New York: Elsevier North- Holland.
Aron, A., &; Aron, E. N. (1986). Love and the expansion of self: Understanding attraction and satisfaction. New York: Hemisphere.
Aron, A., Aron, E. N., &; Norman, C. (2001). Self-expansion model of motivation and cognition in close relationships and beyond. In G. J. O. Fletcher &; M. S. Clark (Eds.), Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology: Interpersonal Processes (pp. 478-501). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
Aron, A., Aron, E. N., &; Smollan, D. (1992). Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 596-612.
Aron, A., Aron, E. N., Tudor, M., &; Nelson, G. (1991). Close relationships as including other in the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 241-253.
Baker, L. R., &; McNulty, J. K. (2013). When low self-esteem encourages behaviors that risk rejection to increase interdependence: The role of relational self-construal. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104, 995-1018.
Baumeister, R. F., &; Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497-529.
Blais, M. R., Boucher, C., Sabourin, S., &; Vallerand, R. J. (1990). Toward a motivational model of couple happiness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 1021-1031.
Buehlman, K. T., Gottman, J. M., &; Katz, L. F. (1992). How a couple views their past predicts their future: Predicting divorce from an oral history interview. Journal of Family Psychology, 5, 295-318.
Burson, A., Crocker, J., &; Mischkowski, D. (2012). Two types of value-affirmation: Implications for self-control following social exclusion. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 3, 510-516.
Canevello, A., &; Crocker, J. (2010). Creating good relationships: Responsiveness, relationship quality, and interpersonal goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99, 78-106.
Carrere, S., Buehlman, K. T., Gottman, J. M., Coan, J. A., &; Ruckstuhl, L. (2000). Predicting marital stability and divorce in newlywed couples. Journal of Family Psychology, 14, 42-58.
Chang, J. H., Lin, S. H., Lin, Y. C., &; Huang, C. L. (2011). Examination and application of interpersonal goals in the team context within the Chinese culture. Paper presented at the Poster presented at the 12th annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology.
Chang, Y.-P., Li, T.-S., Teng, H. Y., Berki, A., &; Chen, L. H. (2012). Living with Gratitude: Spouse’s Gratitude on One’s Depression. Journal of Happiness Studies, 13(5), 761-781.
Chang, Y. P., Lin, Y. C., &; Chen, L. H. (2011). Pay it forward: Gratitude in social networks. Journal of Happiness Studies, 13, 761-781.
Chien, C. P., &; Cheng, T. A. (1985). Depression in Taiwan: Epidemiological survey utilizing CES-D. Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi, 87, 335-338.
Chung, C. K., &; Pennebaker, J. W. (2007). The psychological function of function words. In K. Fiedler (Ed.), Social communication: Frontiers of social psychology (pp. 343-359). New York: Psychology Press.
Cohen, G. L., &; Sherman, D. K. (2014). The psychology of change: Self-affirmation and social psychological intervention. Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 333-371.
Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., &; Aiken, L. S. (2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for behavioral sciences (3rd ed). Routledge, NJ: LEA.
Crocker, J. (2008). From egosystem to ecosystem: Implications for relationships, learning, and well-being. In H. Wayment &; J. Brauer (Eds.), Transcending self-interest: Psychological explorations of the quiet ego (pp. 63-72). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Crocker, J. (2011). Safety in numbers: shifting from egosystem to ecosystem. Psychological Inquiry, 22, 259-264.
Crocker, J., &; Canevello, A. (2008). Creating and undermining social support in communal relationships: The role of compassionate and self-image goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 555-575.
Crocker, J., &; Canevello, A. (2012). Consequences of self-image and compassionate goals. In D. Patricia &; P. Ashby (Eds.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 45, pp. 229-277). New York, NY: Elsevier.
Crocker, J., Canevello, A., Breines, J. G., &; Flynn, H. (2010). Interpersonal goals and change in anxiety and dysphoria in first-semester college students. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98, 1009-1024.
Crocker, J., Niiya, Y., &; Mischkowski, D. (2008). Why does writing about important values reduce defensiveness? Self-affirmation and the role of positive other-directed feelings. Psychological Science, 19, 740-747.
Crocker, J., Olivier, M. A., &; Nuer, N. (2009). Self-image goals and compassionate goals: Costs and benefits. Self and Identity, 8, 251-269.
Dawson, J. F., &; Richter, A. W. (2006). Probing three-way interactions in moderated multiple regression: development and application of a slope difference test. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 917-926.new window
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., &; Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75.
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., &; Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 276-302.
Dunkel-Schetter, C., &; Bennett, T. L. (1990). Differentiating the cognitive and behavioral aspects of social support. In H. L. Pruett, C. Crego &; V. B. Brown (Eds.), Social support: An interactional view. (pp. 267-296). New York: Jossey-Bass, Inc.
Elliot, A. J. (1999). Approach and avoidance motivation and achievement goals. Educational Psychologist, 34, 169-189.
Elliot, A. J. (2006). Approach and avoidance motivation in the social domain. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 378-391.
Frattaroli, J. (2006). Experimental disclosure and its moderators: a meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 823-865.
Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B Biological Sciences, 359, 1367-1378.
Frisina, P. G., Borod, J. C., &; Lepore, S. J. (2004). A meta-analysis of the effects of written emotional disclosure on the health outcomes of clinical populations. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 192(9), 629-634.
Gable, S. L. (2006). Approach and avoidance social motives and goals. Journal of Personality, 74, 175-222.
Gable, S. L., &; Gosnell, C. L. (2013). Approach and avoidance behavior in interpersonal relationships. Emotion Review, 5, 269-274.
Graybeal, A., Sexton, J. D., &; Pennebaker, J. W. (2002). The role of story-making in disclosure writing: The psychometrics of narrative. Psychology and Health, 17, 571-581.
Hendrick, S. S. (1988). A generic measure of relationship satisfaction. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50, 93-98.
Hendrick, S. S., Dicke, A., &; Hendrick, C. (1998). The relationship assessment scale. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 15, 137-142.
Higgins, E. T. (1998). Promotion and prevention: Regulatory focus as a motivational principle. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 30, pp. 1-46). New York, NY: Elsevier.
Impett, E. A., Gable, S. L., &; Peplau, L. A. (2005). Giving up and giving in: The costs and benefits of daily sacrifice in intimate relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 327-344.
Impett, E. A., Javam, L., Le, B. M., Asyabi-Eshghi, B., &; Kogan, A. (2013). The joys of genuine giving: Approach and avoidance sacrifice motivation and authenticity. Personal Relationships, 20, 740-754.
Kacewicz, E., Pennebaker, J. W., Davis, M., Jeon, M., &; Graesser, A. C. (2014). Pronoun use reflects standings in social hierarchies. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 33, 125-143.
Kenny, D. A., Kashy, D., &; Cook, W. L. (2006). Dyadic data analysis. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Kernis, M., &; Goldman, B. (2006). A multicomponent conceptualization of authenticity: Theory and research. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 38, pp. 283-357). New York, NY: Elsevier.
King, L. A. (1993). Emotional expression, ambivalence over expression, and marital satisfaction. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 10, 601-607.
King, L. A., &; Emmons, R. A. (1990). Conflict over emotional expression: Psychological and physical correlates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 864-877.
King, L. A., &; Emmons, R. A. (1991). Psychological, physical, and interpersonal correlates of emotional expressiveness, conflict, and control. European Journal of Personality, 5, 131-150.
Knee, C. R., Lonsbary, C., Canevello, A., &; Patrick, H. (2005). Self-determination and conflict in romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 997-1009.
Lambert, N. M., Clark, M. S., Durtschi, J., Fincham, F. D., &; Graham, S. M. (2010). Benefits of expressing gratitude. Psychological Science, 21, 574-580.
Lu, L., &; Lin, Y. Y. (1998). Family roles and happiness in adulthood. Personality and Individual Differences, 25, 195-207.
McCullough, M. E., Kilpatrick, S. D., Emmons, R. A., &; Larson, D. B. (2001). Is gratitude a moral affect? Psychological Bulletin, 127, 249-266.
McNulty, J. K. (2010). Forgiveness increases the likelihood of subsequent partner transgressions in marriage. Journal of Family Psychology, 24, 787-790.
McNulty, J. K., &; Fincham, F. D. (2012). Beyond positive psychology? Toward a contextual view of psychological processes and well-being. American Psychologist, 67, 101-110.
McNulty, J. K., O''Mara, E. M., &; Karney, B. R. (2008). Benevolent cognitions as a strategy of relationship maintenance: "don''t sweat the small stuff".... But it is not all small stuff. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 631-646.
Miyake, A., Kost-Smith, L. E., Finkelstein, N. D., Pollock, S. J., Cohen, G. L., &; Ito, T. A. (2010). Reducing the Gender Achievement Gap in College Science: A Classroom Study of Values Affirmation. Science, 330(6008), 1234-1237.
Moeller, S. J., Crocker, J., &; Bushman, B. J. (2009). Creating hostility and conflict: Effects of entitlement and self-image goals. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 448-452.
Pennebaker, J. W., Booth, R. J., &; Francis, M. E. (2007). LIWC2007: Linguistic inquiry and word count. Austin, Texas: liwc. net.
Pennebaker, J. W., &; Francis, M. E. (1996). Cognitive, emotional, and language processes in disclosure. Cognition and Emotion, 10, 601-626.
Pennebaker, J. W., Mehl, M. R., &; Niederhoffer, K. G. (2003). Psychological aspects of natural language use: Our words, our selves. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 547-577.
Preacher, K. J., Curran, P. J., &; Bauer, D. J. (2006). Computational tools for probing interactions in multiple linear regression, multilevel modeling, and latent curve analysis. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 31, 437-448.
Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied psychological measurement, 1, 385-401.
Rahim, M. A. (1983). A measure of styles of handling interpersonal conflict. The Academy of Management Journal, 26, 368-376.
Rahim, M. A. (1986). Referent role and styles of handling interpersonal conflict. The Journal of social psychology, 126, 79-86.
Rahim, M. A., &; Magner, N. R. (1995). Confirmatory factor analysis of the styles of handling interpersonal conflict: First-order factor model and its invariance across groups. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, 122-132.
Raudenbush, S. W., &; Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Reis, H. T., Clark, M. S., &; Holmes, J. G. (2004). Perceived partner responsiveness as an organizing construct in the study of intimacy and closeness. In D. Mashek &; A. Aron (Eds.), The Handbook of Closeness and Intimacy (pp. 201-225). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Reis, H. T., Collins, W. A., &; Berscheid, E. (2000). The relationship context of human behavior and development. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 844-872.
Renshaw, K. D., McKnight, P., Caska, C. M., &; Blais, R. K. (2011). The utility of the relationship assessment scale in multiple types of relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 28, 435-447.
Rohrbaugh, M. J., Mehl, M. R., Shoham, V., Reilly, E. S., &; Ewy, G. A. (2008). Prognostic significance of spouse we talk in couples coping with heart failure. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 76, 781-789.
Rusbult, C. E. (1983). A longitudinal test of the investment model: The development (and deterioration) of satisfaction and commitment in heterosexual involvements. Journal of Personality &; Social Psychology, 45, 101-117.new window
Schumm, W. R., Nichols, C. W., Schectman, K. L., &; Grigsby, C. C. (1983). Characteristics of responses to the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale by a sample of 84 married mothers. Psychological Reports, 53, 567-572.
Schumm, W. R., Paff-Bergen, L. A., Hatch, R. C., Obiorah, F. C., Copeland, J. M., Meens, L. D., &; Bugaighis, M. A. (1986). Concurrent and Discriminant Validity of the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale. Journal of Marriage and Family, 48, 381-387.
Seider, B. H., Hirschberger, G., Nelson, K. L., &; Levenson, R. W. (2009). We can work it out: age differences in relational pronouns, physiology, and behavior in marital conflict. Psychology and aging, 24, 604-613.
Sherman, D. K., &; Cohen, G. L. (2006). The psychology of self&;#8208;defense: Self&;#8208;affirmation theory. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 38, pp. 183-242). New York, NY: Elsevier.
Simmons, R. A., Gordon, P. C., &; Chambless, D. L. (2005). Pronouns in marital interaction: What do "you" and "I" say about marital health? Psychological Science, 16, 932-936.
Slatcher, R. B., &; Pennebaker, J. W. (2006). How do I love thee? Let me count the words: the social effects of expressive writing. Psychological Science, 17, 660-664.
Slatcher, R. B., Vazire, S., &; Pennebaker, J. W. (2008). Am “I” more important than “we”? Couples’ word use in instant messages. Personal Relationships, 15, 407-424.
Steele, C. M. (1988). The psychology of self-affirmation: Sustaining the integrity of the self. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 21, pp. 261-302). New York, NY: Elsevier.
Strachman, A., &; Gable, S. L. (2006). Approach and avoidance relationship commitment. Motivation and Emotion, 30, 117-126. doi: 10.1007/s11031-006-9026-9
Suh, E. M., Diener, E., &; Updegraff, J. A. (2008). From culture to priming conditions: Self-construal influences on life satisfaction judgments. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 39, 3-15.
Tausczik, Y. R., &; Pennebaker, J. W. (2010). The psychological meaning of words: LIWC and computerized text analysis methods. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 29, 24-54.
VanLange, P. A. M., Rusbult, C. E., Drigotas, S. M., Arriaga, X. B., Witcher, B. S., &; Cox, C. L. (1997). Willingness to sacrifice in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 1373-1395.
Vaughn, M. J., &; Baier, M. E. M. (1999). Reliability and validity of the relationship assessment Scale. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 27, 137-147.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., &; Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality &; Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070.
Williams-Baucom, K. J., Atkins, D. C., Sevier, M., Eldridge, K. A., &; Christensen, A. (2010). "You" and "I" need to talk about "us": Linguistic patterns in marital interactions. Personal Relationships, 17, 41-56.
Wu, C., &; Yao, G. (2006). Analysis of factorial invariance across gender in the Taiwan version of the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 1259-1268.


 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
QR Code
QRCODE

臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

目前上線人數：695（臺灣：662，外國：33） ／ 本年度總使用人次：1451226 ／ 訪客人次（自102年09月）：67250648
國家圖書館著作權聲明 Copyright © 2013 All rights reserved.
本館地址: 100201臺北市中山南路20號． 本館地圖及交通資訊．
總機：(02)23619132．最佳瀏覽解析度為1024x768以上