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題名:金融消費者保護法中金融消費關係之研究
作者:許永展
作者(外文):Yung-Chan Hsu
校院名稱:國立臺灣大學
系所名稱:國家發展研究所
指導教授:張志銘
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2021
主題關鍵詞:金融消費者保護法金融消費關係金融化金融社會角色互動Financial Consumer Protection ActFinancial consumption relationshipsFinancializationFinancial societyrolesinteractions
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2011年立法院通過「金融消費者保護法」(下稱本法)所建構的「金融消費關係」究竟為何?本論文研究目的,乃以社會學者觀點,探究台灣社會發展脈絡,並比較消保法及本法的差異;且探索「生活世界」行動者對「金融消費關係」的主觀認知,界定該互動的真實社會意義。本論文以「建構論」兼採「批判論」的研究典範取向,採取法學實證研究法、文獻資料分析法、深度訪談法進行研究。
本研究探討台灣的法社會事實基礎,包括人口結構、社會整體金融化、個人生活金融化等面向,發現台灣社會已從工業社會轉型至金融社會,本法即是因應此社會轉型。且,如能以金融教育提升個人金融素養,及借鏡英國的獨立財務顧問制度,更能保障小額投資人。
此外,本論文比較本法及消費者保護法(下稱消保法)及相關金融法規,發現本法「交易關係」,更偏向「投資人」投資「金融工具」的投資關係,而非消保法之「消費關係」;本法乃是新興的獨立專法,不屬於消保法體系。
再者,本論文針對10名現任或前任銀行理專、16名金融消費者,共26位受訪者,進行「半結構式」、一對一的深度訪談,並兼採Goffman等社會互動論觀點分析其訪談內容。就兩受訪群體互動關係中的框架、劇本,本研究發現對銀行理專壓力最大的框架、劇本,是績效考核KPI;且兩受訪群體所認知的真實生活「金融消費關係」,並非「消費關係」,而是屬於「投資關係」概念範疇。
於此,本論文建議應重新省思本法定位,進行相關修正,及改進金融從業人員佣金制度;並建議我國可建立「獨立財務顧問」制度,區分「專業諮詢」、「金融工具提供者通路」兩者;更應強化一般民眾之金融素養以「賦權」之。
What is the "financial consumption relationship" constructed by the "Financial Consumer Protection Act" (hereinafter the Act) passed by Legislative Yuan in 2011? This study explores the social development of Taiwan from the perspective of sociologists and compares the differences between the Consumer Protection Act and the Act. It also discusses the subjective perceptions of "financial consumption relationships" among "life-world" participants and defines the real social meaning of the interaction. This study adopts "constructivism" and "critical theory" as research paradigms, and applies empirical legal studies, document analysis, and in-depth interview.
This study examines the basis of social facts of the Act in Taiwan, such as the demographic structure, financialization of society, and financialization of individual lives. It is found that Taiwan has transformed from an industrial society to a financial society, and the Act is in response to this social transformation. Small investors can be better protected if Taiwan can enhance personal financial literacy through financial education and lesson from the UK's Independent Financial Advisors System.
In addition, this paper compares the Act with the Consumer Protection Act and related financial laws and regulations. It is found that the "trading relationship" of the Act is more oriented to the investment relationship of financial instruments in which investors invest, rather than the "consumption relationship" of the Consumer Protection Act. The Act is a new and independent law, not part of the Consumer Protection Act system.
This study conducted "semi-structured" one-on-one in-depth interviews with 26 respondents, including 10 current or former financial consultants and 16 financial consumers. Those interviews are analyzed from the perspective of social interaction theorists, such as Goffman. In terms of the frame and script of the interaction between the two interviewed groups, it is found that the most stressful frame and script for the financial consultants are Key Performance Indicators (KPI). The real-life "financial consumption relationship" perceived by the two groups of interviewees is not a "consumption relationship", but falls under the concept of "investment relationship".
This study suggests that Taiwan should rethink the positioning of the Act, make relevant amendments, and improve the commission system for financial practitioners. It is also suggested that Taiwan should establish an " Independent Financial Advisors " system, distinguishing between "professional consulting" and "financial instrument provider access". It is recommended to strengthen the financial literacy of the public to "empower" it.
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58.潘惠玲(2003),〈社會科學研究典範的流變〉,《教育研究資訊》,11(1)。
59.蕭衡鍾(2015),〈從唯物史觀看馬克思主義方法論的途徑分析及其系統反餽〉,《展望與探索》,13(7)。
60.鍾蔚起(1989),〈簡介符號互動論及其在教育上之應用〉,《教育文粹》,18
61.顏厥安(2004),〈規範建構與論證——對法學科學性之檢討〉,收錄於顏厥安編,《規範、論證與行動:法認識論論文集》,台北:元照出版社。
62.顏慶銘(2002),《銀行分行單位達成營運目標之策略檢討》,私立大葉大學事業經營研究所碩士論文。
63.蘇上雅(2018),《傷害之後,法律如何動起來—臺灣油症公害的法律與社會研究(1979-2016)》,國立臺灣大學法律學院科技整合法律研究所碩士論文。
64.顧忠華(1989),〈「現代性」的社會學分析-從韋伯到哈伯馬斯〉,《國立政治大學社會學報》, 24。
三、翻譯著作
1.Benjamin F. Carbtree,William L. Miller.著,黃惠雯等譯(2007),《最新質性方法與研究》,台北:韋伯出版社。
2.Braduel, Fernand著,施康強、顧良譯(1999),《15至18世紀的物質文明、經濟和資本主義:卷二 形形色色的交換》,新北:廣場出版社。
3.Erich Fromm著,王澤應等譯(1991),《讓人壓倒一切,人的呼喚—佛洛姆人道主義文集》,上海:三聯書店,p.85-86。
4.Erich Fromm著,孫愷翔等譯(2018),《健全的社會》,上海:國際文化出版公司。
5.Erich Fromm著,徐紀亮、張慶熊譯(1987),《馬克思關於人的概念》。台北:南方叢書。
6.Erich Fromm著,劉林梅譯(2002),《逃避自由》,上海:國際文化出版公司。
7.George A. Akerlof, Robert J. Shiller著,廖月娟譯(2016),〈釣愚:操縱與欺騙的經濟學〉,台北:天下文化。
8.Ian Craib著,廖立文譯(1991),《當代社會理論》,台北:桂冠圖書股份有限公司。
9.Jenkin, R.著,王志弘、許妍飛譯(2006),《社會認同》(Social identity),台北:巨流圖書公司。
10.John Lofland & Lyn H. Loflan著,任凱、王佳煌合譯(2005),《質性研究法-社會情境的觀察與分析》,台北:湯姆生。
11.Johsnson, A. G.著,成令方、林鶴玲、吳嘉苓譯(2006),《見樹又見林》(The forest and the trees),台北:群學出版社。
12.Jonathan H.Turner著,張君玫譯(1996),《社會學-概念與應用》,台北:巨流圖書公司。
13.Karl Polanyi著,黃樹民譯(2020),《鉅變:當代政治、經濟的起源》,台北:春山出版社。
14.Manuel Castells著,夏鑄九等譯(1998),《網絡社會之崛起》,台北:唐山出版社。
15.Marx, K.(卡爾‧馬克思)著、中共中央馬克思恩格斯列寧斯大林著作翻譯局譯(1975),《資本論》,北京:人民出版社。
16.Marx, K.(卡爾‧馬克思)著,李中文(2016),《一八四四年經濟學哲學手稿 附錄「詹姆斯.穆勒《政治經濟學原理》摘要」》,台北:暖暖書屋。
17.Michael White, David Epston著,廖世德譯(2018),《故事‧知識‧權力:敘事治療的力量》,台北:心靈工坊。
18.Neuman, W. L. 著,朱柔若譯(2000),《社會研究方法-質化與量化取向》,台北:揚智出版社。
19.Niall Ferguson著,杜默譯(2009),《貨幣崛起:金融資本如何改變世界歷史及其未來之路》,台北:麥田出版社。
20.Paul Ransome著,黃彥翔譯(2008),《工作、消費與文化》,台北:偉伯文化。
21.Rana Foroohar著,林麗雪譯(2017),《大掠奪:華爾街的擴張和美國企業的沒落》,台北:時報出版。
22.Robert Toru Kiyosaki著,陳琇玲譯(2015),《富爸爸理財IQ:愈精明,愈有錢》,台北:高寶書版集團。
23.Robert Toru Kiyosaki著,MTS翻譯團隊(2018),《富爸爸,窮爸爸(20週年紀念版)》,台北:高寶書版集團。
24.Ron Chernow著,劉世平譯(1999),《銀行家之死:迎接小型投資人的時代》,台北:先覺出版社。
25.Thomas Kuhn著,王道還譯(1985),《科學革命的結構》,台北:允晨出版社。
26.Thomas Pikett著,詹文碩, 陳以禮譯(2020),《二十一世紀資本論》,台北:衛城出版社。
27.Tome Bottomore著,張維安校訂,任元杰譯(1989),《馬克思的商品生產社會理論:現代資本主義理論》,台北:巨流圖書公司。
28.Weber, Marx著,胡景北譯(2005),《社會學的基本概念》,上海:上海人民出版社。
29.Zvi Bodie, Alex Kame, Alan J, Marcus著,林哲鵬,葉智丞譯(2013),《當代投資學》,台北:美商麥格羅‧希爾國際股份有限公司臺灣分公司。
四、官方資料
1.中華民國國家發展委員會(2020),《中華民國人口推估(2020至2070年)報告》。取自:https://pop-proj.ndc.gov.tw/download.aspx?uid=70&pid=70。
2.台北市政府主計處(2017),《統計應用分析報告-從統計指標看台北市房價負擔能力》,編號:106-27(2017年12月)。取自: https://www-ws.gov.taipei/Download.ashx?u=LzAwMS9VcGxvYWQvMzY3L3JlbGZpbGUvNDUwMDAvNzY2MzI1My8wNTJhYzU5ZS0zNDZmLTQyZGMtOTI3ZC0xNTJiN2JhZTkyNWUucGRm&n=MTA2Mjflvp7ntbHoqIjmjIfmqJnnnIvoh7rljJfluILmiL%2Flg7nosqDmk5Tog73lipsucGRm&icon=.pdf。
3.立法院(2008),〈余政道對於連動債的看法〉。新聞稿,(2008年05月01日)。取自:https://www.ly.gov.tw/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeid=12283&pid=153070。
4.立法院(2011),〈立法院議案關係文書-院總第1043號 委員提案第10092號之1〉,《立法院第第7屆第7會期第16次會議議案關係文書》,取自:https://www.lawbank.com.tw。
5.立法院(2011),〈院總字第1043號,政府提案第12437號〉,《立法院第7屆第7會期第1次會議議案關係文書》,取自:https://www.lawbank.com.tw。
6.立法院公報處(1988),〈立法院議案關係文書,院總第1450號,委員提案第385號〉。
7.立法院公報處(1988),《立法院公報》,第77卷第102期。
8.立法院公報處(1989),〈委員會記錄〉,《立法院公報》,78(65)。
9.立法院公報處(1994),《立法院公報》,第83卷第5期,院會記錄-立委趙少康發言。
10.立法院公報處(1994),《立法院公報》,第83卷第5期,院會記錄-朱鳳芝委員發言。
11.立法院公報處(2010),〈立法院議案關係文書-院總第1043號 委員提案第10092號〉,《立法院第第7屆第6會期第11次會議議案關係文書》。
12.立法院公報處(2010),《立法院公報》,第100卷第9期。
13.立法院公報處(2010),《立法院公報》,第99卷第80期。
14.立法院公報處(2011),〈立法院議案關係文書-院總第1043號 委員提案第10355號〉,《立法院第第7屆第7會期第6次會議議案關係文書》。
15.立法院公報處(2011),《立法院公報》,第100卷第47期上冊。
16.行政院主計處,〈中華民國臺灣地區國民所得統計摘要〉,取自:https://ebook.dgbas.gov.tw/public/Data/352913302353.pdf。
17.行政院衛生福利部(2018),《中華民國106年老人狀況調查報告》。
18.法務部(2010)〈立法院三讀通過「民法部分條文」等修正草案,調降成年年齡並修正結(訂)婚年齡,順應國際潮流,邁向青年自主新頁!〉,新聞稿,(2010年12月25日)。取自:https://www.moj.gov.tw/2204/2795/2796/91633/post。
19.金融監督管理委員會(2007),《調查國民金融知識水準方法、架構及實地調查之研究【期末報告】》。
20.金融監督管理委員會(2011),《調查國民金融知識-第三次實地調查之研究【結案報告】》。
21.金融監督管理委員會,〈金融商品介紹〉,取自:https://bit.ly/3amwpZV。
22.金融監督管理委員會,〈金融智慧網〉。取自:https://moneywise.fsc.gov.tw/。
23.金融監督管理委員會,〈衍生性金融商品〉,取自:https://bit.ly/3bmQEYy。
24.金融監督管理委員會銀行局(2011/06/29),〈我國信用卡市場發展大事紀〉,取自:https://www.banking.gov.tw/ch/home.jsp?id=176&parentpath=0,2&mcustomize=cyclopedia_view.jsp&dataserno=637。
25.金融監督管理委員會銀行局(2021/7/8),〈信用卡重要業務及財務資訊揭露〉,《銀行業務資訊揭露》,取自:https://www.banking.gov.tw/ch/home.jsp?id=591&parentpath=0,590&mcustomize=multimessage_view.jsp&dataserno=21207&dtable=Disclosure。
26.金融監督管理委員會檢查局新聞稿(2020.7.30),〈行政院通過「電子支付機構管理條例」修正草案〉,取自: https://www.fsc.gov.tw/ch/home.jsp?id=96&parentpath=0,2&mcustomize=news_view.jsp&dataserno=202007300001&toolsflag=Y&dtable=News。
27.教育部統計處(2021),〈高等中等以上學校學生就學貸款統計〉,《重要教育統計資訊》,取自:https://depart.moe.edu.tw/ed4500/cp.aspx?n=002F646AFF7F5492&s=1EA96E4785E6838F。
28.教育部-圓夢助學網,〈就學貸款〉,取自:https://www.edu.tw/helpdreams/cp.aspx?n=9AC8D0E0C33FF2BF&s=1CB31DF183066B41。
29.勞動部(2016),〈勞動基準法強制退休年齡延後至65歲〉。新聞公告,(2016年11月03日)。取自:https://www.mol.gov.tw/announcement/27179/13433/。
30.經濟部加工出口管理處,〈前鎮園區,園區簡介〉。取自:https://www.epza.gov.tw/people/page.aspx?pageid=8f9795d57955f5db。
31.嘉義縣(2020)〈金融服務愛心公益嘉年華活動〉縣府新聞稿。取自:https://www.cyhg.gov.tw/News_Content.aspx?n=20C1A3DAF6A74FCE&s=7880E6AC224E373B。
五、民間單位
1.中華民國銀行商業同業公會全國聯合會(2009),〈本會《金融消費爭議案件評議委員會》〉,新聞稿,(2009年4月30日)。取自:https://www.ba.org.tw/Notice/Detail/17。
2.中華民國銀行商業同業公會全國聯合會(2009),〈本會《連動債銷售爭議申訴案件收件截止日為98年6月30日,屆期不再延長受理期間》〉,新聞稿,(2009年6月18日)。取自:https://www.ba.org.tw/Notice/Detail/21。
3.中華民國銀行商業同業公會全國聯合會,〈國內連動債爭議案件統計表(週報)〉,統計時間截至2011年12月2日止,取自:http://www.ba.org.tw/news.aspx。
4.中華民國證券投資信託暨顧問商業同業公會(2021),〈境外基金統計資料〉,至2021年5月底止。
5.行政院農委會金融局(2010),〈造成全球金融海嘯的連動債簡介〉,取自:https://www.coa.gov.tw/ws.php?id=21040。
6.財團法人金融消費評議中心,〈關於我們-成立宗旨〉。取自:https://www.foi.org.tw/Article.aspx?Arti=32&Lang=1&Role=1。
7.財團法人消費者文教基金會網站,〈關於我們-40年歷程 消費1.0-4.0〉。取自:https://www.consumers.org.tw/40-years.html。
六、線上新聞
1.591房屋交易(2021/01/04)〈沒有局外人! 六都房貸負擔率全超出合理值〉取自:https//news.591.com.tw/news/5843。
2.BBC NEWS 中文版網站(2019/10/05),〈人類預期壽命是否已經達到極限不再延長〉,取自:https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/science-49945841。
3.ETtoday財經雲(2021/07/24),〈電支電票共用平台「一嗶搞定」! 新《電子支付機構管理條例》更便利〉,線上檢索日期:2021年8月10日,取自:https://finance.ettoday.net/news/2038405#ixzz73P7rsnBI。
4.ETtoday財經雲(2021/05/02)〈美國千禧投資族偏好快進快出!「個股炒作、EGS」也是重點〉。取自:https://finance.ettoday.net/news/1971818。
5.Smart智富月刊(2007/07/09),〈 退休後所得替代率要1倍以上〉,107,取自:https://smart.businessweekly.com.tw/Magazine/detail.aspx?id=27549。
6.TVBS新聞網(2009/06/27)〈連動債自救會 包圍辜濂松住家〉。取自:https://news.tvbs.com.tw/entry/135119。
7.工商時報(2020/08/09)〈國內股票ETF受益人 衝112萬〉。取自:https://ctee.com.tw/news/fund/315598.html。
8.中央社(2018/04/10),〈台灣正式邁入高齡社會,每7人有1老人突破14%〉,取自:https://www.storm.mg/article/422678。
9.中央社(2021/01/05),〈台股總開戶數破1100萬 年輕族群占比增至36.1%〉。取自:https://www.cna.com.tw/news/afe/202101050163.aspx。
10.中央社(2021/01/09),〈2020人口負成長 結婚對數逾10年新低〉,取自:https://www.cna.com.tw/news/ahel/202101090096.aspx。
11.中央社(2021/01/31),〈散戶起義!Gamestop事件的啟示:年輕世代將永遠改變股市規則?〉。取自:https://www.businessweekly.com.tw/focus/blog/3005407。
12.中央廣播電台(2020/09/07),〈yes123調查:4成2大學生背學貸 出社會5.4年才能還完〉,取自:https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2078587。
13.中國時報(1993/12/01)〈大陸明年起實施「消費者權益保護法」消基會盼立院早日完成立法〉,線上檢索日期:2020年12月16日,取自:https://cpc.ey.gov.tw。
14.中國時報(1994/01/12),〈昨晚八時 李總統正式公佈消保法〉,取自:https://cpc.ey.gov.tw。
15.今周刊(2006/11/23),〈只要用對方法,低薪上班族一樣可以累積千萬身價!〉。取自:http://www.businesstoday.com.tw/article/category/80401/post/200611230012/%E8%B3%87%E7%94%A2%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%20%E6%B1%BA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%9D%E6%88%90%E6%8A%95%E8%B3%87%E7%B8%BE%E6%95%88%20P.146。
16.今周刊(2009/08/27),〈揭開連動債理賠的三大荒謬〉。取自:https://bit.ly/2zkydWn。
17.台北市教育廣播電台(2021/04/20),〈接軌國際學習理財知識 台北市「高中財經素養課程」正式啟動〉,取自:http://203.64.188.47/news/607e9fdd3457de00086ceda0。
18.民生報(1994/01/12),〈保障消費者有法度 立法院昨三讀通過消費者保護法 總統府也表重視連夜公布〉,取自:https://cpc.ey.gov.tw。
19.全景網(2009/05/14)〈金融危機對世界養老金影響有多大〉。取自:https://www.p5w.net/news/xwpl/200905/t2344450.htm。
20.自由時報(2008/10/22)〈連動債自救會 要求歸還本金〉。取自:https://ec.ltn.com.tw/article/paper/252478。
21.自由時報(2019/01/11)〈連動債自救會上街頭 揚言更激烈抗爭〉。取自:https://ec.ltn.com.tw/article/paper/272591。
22.自由時報(2021/04/01),〈全球股市總市值創新高 達106兆美元〉,取自:https://ec.ltn.com.tw/article/breakingnews/3486685。
23.自由財經(2021/04/09)〈90後網路原生族群改變全球股市生態 社群力衝擊股市結構驚奇翻轉〉取自:https://ec.ltn.com.tw/article/breakingnews/3491049/print。
24.風傳媒(2016/4/18),〈銀行賣TRF傳幫企業作假帳 金管會啟動專案金檢〉,取自:https://www.storm.mg/article/105118?page=2。
25.新頭殼newtalk(2021/03/31),〈109年第4季房貸負擔率微升 北市上升1.98%最重〉,取自:https://newtalk.tw/news/view/2021-03-31/557153。
26.經濟日報(2019/05/03),〈30年、40年房貸可以貸嗎? 一張表教你判斷〉,線上檢索日期:2020年07月21日,取自:https://house.udn.com/house/story/11138/3790871。
27.經濟日報(2020/06/16)〈美股散戶擊敗專家!買這8檔暴跌股,賺贏S&P指數20%!〉。取自:https://money.udn.com/money/story/12040/4639932。
28.鉅亨網(2021/02/09)〈台股去年狂飆 新開戶數激出148萬人 21-30歲年輕散戶比重居冠〉。取自:https://news.cnyes.com/news/id/4567171/print?exp=a。
29.遠見雜誌(2020/09/24),〈2020《遠見》家庭理財暨樂活享退指數大調查〉,取自:https://gvsrc.cwgv.com.tw/articles/index/14841/1。
30.德國之聲,(2019/07/27),〈幾家歡樂幾家愁,布列敦森林體系的繼承者們:世界銀行、國際貨幣基金組織、世界銀行〉,取自:https://www.storm.mg/article/1528446?page=1。
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32.蘋果新聞網(2021/01/29)〈【GameStop風暴】從網路迷因到終局之戰是誰促成這場軋爆空頭的「私刑正義」〉。取自:http://appledaily.com/property/20210129/OSPZQNYWPNETFPF25TSTSWMSZE
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