藉由仔細分析中國童子軍訓練手冊，本文探討中國民黨在南京十年（1927-1937）中，對於公民身份以及公民訓練所採取進路與方法。本研究證示，國民黨積極想要經戰廣泛的訓練來改造中國青年最根本的思想與實踐；此一訓練意在培養新一代專心一意服務國家與黨的青年。而在這段其間，童子軍的公民訓練結合了道德培養、政治灌輸、軍事操練與禮儀、衛生、生活技能等課程。然而，本文也指出，公民訓練的多元面向充滿了根本的內在緊張。首先，在要求童子軍學會都市精英社會所特有的禮儀形式的同時，卻又要求他們學習烹飪、掃除與洗滌，以便能更像個「平民」。除此之外，手冊所呈現的現代社會秩序的願景也是彼此矛盾的──在某些課文中，手冊所描繪的社會，是由社會成員自主的行動所產生的，這此成員由於各有獨特的貢獻而彼此有所差異；另一方面，手冊卻又將社會描繪成一個由同質的群眾所構成的社會，是由國民黨指導性的權威組織成有秩序的層級。這兩套矛盾逐漸破壞了童子軍在公民訓練上的一貫性，以此，國民黨想要將自身的統法合法化及製造出中國新公民的努力，也受到威脅。

　　　　　This essay explores the Chinese Nationalist Party's approach to citizenship and civic training during the Nanjing decade (1927-1937) through close analysis of Chinese boy Scout training handbooks. It demonstrates that the Nationalist Party ambitiously sought to transform the most basic thought and practice of Chinese youths through comprehensive training intended to produce a new generation of citizens committed to serving the national and party. Throughout this period, Boy Scout citizenship training combined moral cultivation, political indoctrination, and military drill with lessons in etiquette, hygiene, and practical skills. However, this essay also argues that these multiple dimensions of civic training were fraught with fundamental internal tensions. For one, scouts were taught forms of etiquette characteristic of urban elite society while also learning to be more like the "common people" through lessons in cooking, cleaning and washing. In addition, handbooks presented contradictory visions of a modern social order: in some lessons they portrayed society as the product of the autonomous actions of its members, who were differentiated by their distinctive contributions; at other points they characterized society as a homogeneous mass organized into ordered ranks by the directing authority of the Nationalist Party. Both sets of contradictions eroded the coherence of Boy scout civic training and thereby posed threats to Nationalist Party efforts to legitimize its rule and produce a new citizenry for China.