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題名：「橡皮圖章」如何轉變為「河東獅吼」？--立法院在臺灣民主化過程中的角色轉變之探究(1950-2000)
書刊名：人文及社會科學集刊
作者：廖達琪 引用關係
作者(外文)：Liao, Da-chi
出版日期：2005
卷期：17:2
頁次：頁343-391
主題關鍵詞：民主化；臺灣；立法院；橡皮圖章；議會；Democratization；Taiwan；Legislative yuan；Rubber stamp；Parliament
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(9) 博士論文(0) 專書(1) 專書論文(2)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:7
  • 共同引用共同引用:3
  • 點閱點閱:115
威權政體中的議會通常被描繪成「橡皮圖章」，這是表示，議會只有象徵性的意象，並沒有實質監督的功能。但如果威權政體正經歷民主演化的過程，體系中的議會功能也會相應變化，而且轉變的方向理論上一定是從非常弱到強，其強度也許不會如美國國會般的有實質政策制定的效果，但某種程度，如「河東獅吼」般的監督及震攝作用，應該會出現。問題的關鍵是：這種轉變過程是如何產生及發展的？這也是本文主要的關切。 本文試圖從一個辯證的角度，解析議會與民主化之間的關係。更具體一點的說，辯證的關係是指兩者間的包含、矛盾與質量互變。也就是議會的存在，雖是民主改革的種子，但是議會並不能因此而單獨帶動起民主改革的波濤；相對的，議會較強勢的出現，也不僅是民主化的效果。議會與民主化之間，有一個很長程質量互相牽引的積累變化過程。 這個過程或可進一步做這樣的解析：議會角色變遷和政治系統的民主化是互相呼應的，但這種呼應的建構發展，必須透過制度的安排及個人的力量；也就是一方面政治系統的制度安排至少賦予議會能實踐民主功能的基礎；而另一方面，來自議會內外部各方人士的努力推動追求民主，才能使這樣的制度安排，發揮效果，讓議會能實踐它被賦予的功能。 基於以上的理論預設，本文試圖以臺灣的立法院為個案，運用系統化蒐集立法院公報所登錄、及相關報刊媒體所刊載有關「民主」的議題，在過去五十年發展演變的質量情形（1950-2000），並輔以相關文獻的分析，來探討檢證立法院的角色變遷與臺灣民主化的關係。
A legislature in an authoritarian system usually is portrayed as a ‘Rubber Stamp’. That is, it only has symbolic meaning, and no substantive functions. However, if an antuhoritarian system has been undergoing democratic change, the functions of its legislature must have also been transforming from being very weak (a rubber stamp) to being quite strong (a roaring lion). How has this transformation process developed? This is the main focus of this paper. This paper tries to explicate the relationship between legislatures and democratization from a dialectical perspective. This means that neither can a legislature alone promote democratization in a given system, nor should a strong legislature solely arise as an effect of democratization. The changing relationship between legislatures and the political systems they establish should be cumulative, on the one hand. That is, the systems must have been constanly undergoing some democratically oriented changes, with their legislatures thus correspondingly reflecting those changes. On the other hand, the changing relationship between the two should result from both institutional influence and individual force. That is, the institutional arrangements of a given system should establish the foundation for its legislature's being able to realize democracy. However, if individual efforts both from inside and outside of the legislatures are not focussed on prusuing democracy, the institutional mechanism can not be fully utilized to fulfill its given functions. Based upon the foregoing theoretical propositions, this paper will employ Taiwan's Legislative Yuan as a case to study its role change linked to Taiwan's democratic development.
期刊論文
1.Cooper, Joseph、Brady, David W.(1981)。Institutional Context and Leadership Style: The House from Cannon to Rayburn。American Political Science Review，75(2)，411-425。  new window
2.Chu, Chi-hung、Eengstrom, Richard L.(1984)。The Impact of the 1980 Supplementary Election on Nationalist China's Legislative Yuan。Asian Survey，24(4)，447-458。  new window
3.Longley, Lawrence D.(1996)。Parliaments as Changing Institutions and as Agents of Regime Change: Evolving Perspectives and A New Research Framework。Journal of Legislative Studies，2(2)，22-44。  new window
4.O'Brien, Kevin J.(1990)。Is China's National People's Congress A 'Conservative' Legislature?。Asian Survey，30(8)，782-794。  new window
5.Easton, David(1957)。An Approach to the Analysis of Political Systems。World Politics，9(3)，383-400。  new window
6.吳伯雄、任育德(20030300)。「臺灣情．本土心--蔣經國先生逝世十五週年紀念口述歷史座談會」記錄。近代中國，153，3-43。  延伸查詢new window
7.Wu, Jaushieh Joseph(19920900)。Politics of Constitutional Reform in the Republic of China: Problems, Process, and Prospects。Issues & Studies，28(9)，85-106。new window  new window
8.Winckler, Edwin A.(1994)。Institutionalization and Participation on Taiwan: From Hard to Soft Authoritarianism?。China Quarterly，99，481-499。  new window
會議論文
1.Liao, Da-chi(2000)。Parliaments and Democratization--A Theoretical Framework Consideration。The 18th World Congress，IPSA (會議日期: 2000/08/01-2000/08/05)。  new window
2.Rundquist, Paul S.(1991)。Legislative Assemblies: The Seed of Democratic Reform。The XVth World Congress of the IPSA，(會議日期: 1991/07/21-1991/07/25)。  new window
3.Yu, Keping(1997)。The People's Congress System in Reform China。17th World Congress，IPSA (會議日期: 1997/07/17-07/21)。  new window
學位論文
1.Liao, Da-Chi(1990)。The Influence of Culture on Information Gathering in Organizations(博士論文)。University of Michigan。  new window
2.Jen, Teh-hou(1978)。The Constitutional Development of the R.O.C: Law and Politics in Taiwan, 1949-75(博士論文)。New School for Social Research。  new window
3.蔡育倫(2002)。台灣民主化歷程中政治菁英、選舉機制及媒體的角色探討--以第一屆立法委員的退職歷程為個案(碩士論文)。國立中山大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.周琇環、陳世宏(2000)。組黨運動。台北：國史館。  延伸查詢new window
2.程玉凰、李福鐘(2001)。國會改造(1948-1972)。台北：國史館。  延伸查詢new window
3.Diamond, Larry Jay、Linz, Juan J.、Lipset, Seymour Martin(1988)。Democracy in Developing Countries。Lynne Rienner Publishers。  new window
4.薛月順、曾品滄、許瑞浩(2000)。從戒嚴到解嚴(1945-1987)。台北：國史館。  延伸查詢new window
5.Longley, Lawrence D.(1994)。The Role of Legislatures and Parliaments in Democratizing and Newly Democratic Regimes。Wisconsin：Lawrence University。  new window
6.Longley, Lawrence D.、Zajc, Drago(1998)。The New Democratic Parliaments: The First Years。Wisconsin：Lawrence University。  new window
7.Longley, Lawrence D.、Attila, Agh、Zajc, D.(1999)。Parliamentary Members and Leaders: The Delicate Balance。Wisconsin：Lawrence University：RCLS：IPSA。  new window
8.Marcuse, Herbert(1999)。Reason and Revolution: Hegel and the Rise of Social Theory。New York：Humanity Books。  new window
9.Huntington, Samuel P.(1968)。Political Order in Changing Societies。Yale University Press。  new window
10.Linz, Juan José、Stepan, Alfred C.(1996)。Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe。The Johns Hopkins University Press。  new window
圖書論文
1.廖達琪(2003)。議會與民主化--個理論架構的考量。兩岸立法制度與立法運作。台北：韋伯文化。  延伸查詢new window
2.Alda, Mercedes、Nieto, Lourdes L.(1994)。Parliament in the Transition and in the Consolidation Process: The Case of Spain。The Role of Legislatures and Parliaments in Democratizing and Newly Democratic Regimes。Wisconsin：Lawrence University：Research Committee of Legislative Specialists (RCLS)：International Political Science Association (IPSA)。  new window
3.Liao, Da-chi(1997)。Taiwan's Legislature。World Encyclopedia of Parliaments and Legislatures。Washington, D. C.：Congressional Quarterly Books。  new window
4.Liao, Da-chi(1994)。An Authoritarian Regime Legislature's Role in Promoting Democracy: An Examination of the Extra-Institutional Strategies of Taiwan Legislators。The Role of Legislatures and Parliaments in Democratizing and Newly Democratic Regimes。Wisconsin：Lawrence University。  new window
5.Ilonszki, Gabriella(1994)。From Systemic Change to Consolidation: The Hungarian Legislature--An Institution in Search of Roles。The Role of Legislatures and Parliaments in Democratizing and Newly Democratic Regimes。Wisconsin：Lawrence University。  new window
6.Longley, Lawrence D.、Hoffman, Taylor M.(1999)。Parliamentary Members and Leaders as Agents of Reform: Parliamentary and Regime Change Revisited。Parliamentary Members and Leaders。Wisconsin：Lawrence University。  new window
7.Longley, Lawrence D.、Zajc, Drago(1998)。The First Years of the New Democratic Parliaments。The New Democratic Parliaments。Wisconsin：Lawrence University。  new window
8.Packenham, Robert A.(1970)。Legislatures and Political Development。Legislatures in Developmental Perspective。Durban, NC：Duke University Press。  new window
9.Olson, David(1998)。The Parliaments of New Democracies: The Experience of Central Europe。World Encyclopedia of Parliaments and Legislatures。Washington, DC：Congressional Quarterly Books。  new window
10.Mezey, Michael L.(1985)。The Functions of Legislatures in the Third World。Handbook of Legislative Research。Harvard University Press。  new window
11.Polsby, Nelson W.(1975)。Legislature。Handbook of Political Science。Reading, Mass：Addison-Wesley。  new window
12.Strahan, Randall(1994)。Leadership and Institutional Development in the Early Nineteenth Century US House of Representatives。The Role of Legislatures and Parliaments in Democratizing and Newly Democratic Regimes。  new window
13.Zajc, Drago(1998)。From Systemic Change to Consolidation: The Slovenian Parliament in a Process of Transition。The New Democratic Parliaments。Wisconsin：Lawrence University。  new window
 
 
 
 
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