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題名：Iconicity and Tense, Aspect, and Mood Morphology in Yami
書刊名：Concentric: Studies in Linguistics
作者：Rau, D. Victoria
作者(外文)：何德華
出版日期：2005
卷期：31:1
頁次：頁65-94
主題關鍵詞：時態；時貌；情態；達悟語；雅美語；形義相似關係；Tense；Aspect；Modality；Yami；Iconicity
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(1) 專書論文(0)
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  • 共同引用共同引用:51
  • 點閱點閱:69
本研究之目的為探究時貌情態範疇之語形和其功能之間如何展現
一種自然、非任意性的關係，主要以達悟語之時貌情態構詞法之間的
互動關係為證據，檢測Bybee (1985) 所提出的iconicity 假設是否能合
理解釋構詞法之形義相似關係。此項假設認為構詞法中語素和語素之
間的結合方式、先後次序和遠近關係不是任意的﹕凡是影響語根之語
意變化最直接、最全面的語意範疇，在距離上一定最接近語根，相反
的，影響語根之詞彙語意變化最小的語意範疇則遠離語根，所以衍生
詞綴距離語根較近，而屈折詞綴距離語根較遠。同樣的，這些語意範
疇也會依照對於語根之影響度大小，呈現出與語根溶合之不同緊密程
度。
結果顯示達悟語之功能範疇與語根之間的關係雖然大致符合
Bybee 的假設﹕表達及物性關係（亦即焦點）的詞綴最接近語根，其
次為動貌、最外緣者為情態，然而Bybee 對於這些範疇的定義確不能
完全適用於分析達悟語和一般菲律賓語言，因為在達悟語的動詞變化
系統中，及物性關係和時貌情態詞綴緊密互動，所以在檢視詞綴與語
根之距離關係時，無法將衍生詞綴與屈折詞綴完全分開，所以表達完
成和未完成貌之焦點詞綴為“衍生＂詞綴，而表達祈使和虛擬之焦點
詞綴為“屈折＂詞綴。
This study aims to investigate the relationships between the forms and functions
of the Tense-Aspect-Modality categories. Bybee’s hypothesis (1985) was tested
against Yami data to discover how the categories of tense, aspect, and mood interact to
support the iconicity hypothesis. The morphemic order and the degree of fusion are
not arbitrary, in that the categories that most affect the meanings of the stems occur
closest to the stem, whereas those that have least impact on the lexical meaning of the
stem occur in the periphery. Greater semantic cohesion of concepts is reflected in a
higher degree of fusion in their corresponding expression units.
It was found that although the order of the functional categories follows Bybee’s
iconicity principle, in that the valence affix is closest to the stem, while the aspect and
modality markers are in the periphery, Bybee’s definition of terms is not entirely true of
Yami and Philippine-type languages in general because there is a mixture of derivation
and inflection in the Yami verbal system. The indicative focus affixes are
‘derivational’, but the non-indicative affixes are ‘inflectional’.
期刊論文
1.廖秀娟、Reid, Lawrence A.(20040400)。A Brief Syntactic Typology of Philippine Languages。語言暨語言學，5(2)，433-490。new window  new window
2.Ho, Arlene Y. L.(19930300)。Transitivity, Focus, Case and the Auxiliary Verb Systems in Yami。中央研究院歷史語言研究所集刊，62(1)，83-147。  new window
3.Starosta, Stanley(1988)。A grammatical typology of Formosan languages。Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica，59(2)，541-576。new window  new window
4.Reid, Lawrence A.(1992)。On the development of the aspect system in some Philippine languages。Oceanic Linguistics，31(1)，65-91。  new window
5.Hopper, Paul J.、Thompson, Sandra A.(1980)。Transitivity in grammar and discourse。Language，56(2)，251-299。  new window
6.Liao, Hsiu-chuan(2002)。The interpretation of tu and Kavalan ergativity。Oceanic Linguistics，41(1)，140-158。  new window
7.Schiffrin, Deborah(1981)。Tense variation in narrative。Language，57(1)，45-62。  new window
8.Hopper, Paul J.(1979)。Some observations on the typology of focus and aspect in narrative language。Studies in Language，3，37-64。  new window
9.Reid, Lawrence A.(1971)。Tense sequence in procedural discourse。The Archive，2(2)，15-42。  new window
10.Wolfson, Nessa(1979)。The conversational historical present alternation。Language，55，168-182。  new window
會議論文
1.Starosta, Stanley、Reid, Lawrence A.、Pawley, Andrew K.(1982)。The evolution of focus in Austronesian。Pacific Linguistics。Canberra：The Australian National University。145-170。  new window
2.鄭恒雄(1999)。Bunun Tense and Aspect。Taipei。455-487。  new window
研究報告
1.董瑪女、何德華(2000)。Collections of Texts and Lexicon for Aboriginal Languages: Yami。  new window
圖書
1.Myhill, John(1992)。Typological Discourse Analysis: Quantitative Approaches to the Study of Linguistic Function。Typological Discourse Analysis: Quantitative Approaches to the Study of Linguistic Function。Oxford。  new window
2.Wolff, John U.、Centeno, Ma. Theresa C.、何德華(1991)。Pilipino through Self-Instruction。Ithaca：Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University。  new window
3.何德華、董瑪女。Yami Texts with Reference Grammar and Vocabulary。Taipei。  延伸查詢new window
4.Hidalgo, Cesar A.、Hidalgo, Araceli C.(1971)。A Tagmemic Grammar of Ivatan。Manila：Linguistic Society of the Philippines。  new window
5.Schiffrin, D.(1994)。Approaches to discourse。Oxford：Massachusetts：Blackwell Publishing。  new window
6.Givón, T.(1984)。Syntax: A Functional-typological Introduction。Amsterdam：Philadelphia：J. Benjamins Publishing Co.。  new window
7.Palmer, Frank Robert(1986)。Mood and Modality。Cambridge University Press。  new window
8.Bybee, Joan L.(1985)。Morphology: A Study of the Relation between Meaning and Form。John Benjamins。  new window
9.Schachter, Paul、Otanes, Fe T.(1972)。Tagalog Reference Grammar。University of California Press。  new window
10.Lyons, John(1977)。Semantics。Cambridge University Press。  new window
11.Comrie, Bernard(1985)。Tense。Cambridge University Press。  new window
12.Comrie, Bernard(1976)。Aspect: An Introduction to the Study of Verbal Aspect and Related Problems。Cambridge University Press。  new window
13.土田滋(1976)。Reconstruction of Proto-Tsouic Phonology。Tokyo：Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies。  new window
14.Wallace, Stephen(1982)。Figure and ground: The interrelationships of linguistic categories。Tense-Aspect: Between Semantics and Pragmatics。Amsterdam。  new window
15.Hopper, Paul J.(1979)。Aspect and foregrounding in discourse。Discourse and syntax。New York：Academic Press。  new window
16.董瑪女、何德華(2000)。Yami Textbook。Yami Textbook。Taipei。  延伸查詢new window
17.Givón, T.(1994)。Voice and Inversion。Voice and Inversion。Amsterdam and Philadelphia。  new window
18.Hopper, Paul J.(1982)。Aspect between discourse and grammar: An introductory essay for the volume。Tense-Aspect: Between Semantics and Pragmatics。Amsterdam。  new window
19.Larson, Virginia(1986)。Ivatan Texts。Manila：Summer Institute of Linguistics。  new window
20.Rafferty, Ellen(1982)。Discourse structures of the Chinese Indonesian of Malang, East Java。NUSA: Linguistic Studies in Indonesian and Languages of Indonesia。Jakarta。  new window
21.Waugh, Linda R.(1979)。The context-sensitive meaning of the French subjunctive。Contributions to Grammatical Studies. Semantics and Syntax。Leiden。  new window
其他
1.何德華(1997)。Transitivity and discourse grounding in Atayal folk，Amsterdam/Atlanta。  new window
2.Rau, D. Victoria(2002)。Auxiliary verbs, nominalization, and discourse functions in，Canberra。  new window
圖書論文
1.Ross, Malcolm(1995)。Reconstructing Proto-Austronesian verbal morphology: evidence from Taiwan。Austronesian Studies Relating to Taiwan。Taipei：Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica。  new window
2.Chung, Sandra、Timberlake, Alan(1985)。Tense, aspect, and mood。Language Typology and Syntactic Description, Vol. III: Grammatical Categories and the Lexicon。Cambridge。  new window
3.Labov, W.、Waletzky, J.(1967)。Narrative analysis: Oral versions of personal experience。Essays on the verbal and visual arts。Seattle：University of Washington Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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