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題名：香港粵語借詞聲調規律之研究：優選理論分析
書刊名：中國學術年刊
作者：吳瑾瑋 引用關係
作者(外文)：Wu, Chin-wei
出版日期：2007
卷期：29(春)
頁次：頁145-182
主題關鍵詞：借詞；優選理論；重音；聲調；優勢單位；Loanward；Optimality theory；Stress；Tone；Prominent unit
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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本文試圖從優選理論架構分析香港地區音譯借詞的聲調規律。粵語中自英語譯音而來的借詞詞彙量頗大，粵語和英語原為不同語言類型，分別以重音和聲調為該語言重要的辨義成分，但借詞產生的聲調仍呈規律性運作。如粵語借詞聲調以55 高調對應主重音，如card[kat H]，stick [si M tik H]等，而如cigar [syt M ka H]和guitar [kit M t□a H]主要重音在第二音節，借詞也以高調對應第二音節的重音。在優選理論架構下，粵語借詞對應主重音時，以高聲調來對應，而對應非重音則不選擇高聲調對應，此乃聲調中音高音長直接影響重音聽辨認知的音韻意義。在此，相關的制約如優勢對應制約、聲調必要制約、優勢單位連聲調制約等，透過制約交錯排序篩選，而顯出借詞中聲調對應重音的處理過程。其中優勢對應制約要求優勢單位要顯出來，聲調必要制約是針對粵語的音韻系統要求，也是指借詞受到借入語系統的限制。而優勢單位和聲調相組的制約層級，是針對優勢單位聲調的選擇，要讓優勢單位顯明出來，連高聲調使其音高較高，音長較長，相對之下，其他非優勢單位的聲調便弱化，音高略降音長略短，便有烘托優勢單位的效果。以上所述的制約是存在於普遍語法的，並不是專為粵語借詞聲調規律所設計的制約。
The aim of the study is to analyze the tonal patterns in Cantonese loanwords within the Optimality Theoretical framework. In loanword phonology, the issue of 'interlanguage rules' is reinterpreted within Optimality Theory, assuming that the different rankings of the universal constraints are the mechanism of adjustments in loanwords. In many languages a stressed unit would attract or interact with the high tone, so as in Cantonese loanwords. Within the Optimality Theory framework, the linguistic 'prominent unit', such as the stressed syllable, has to be respected faithfully, and the high tone is chosen to map through the constraints of the tonal hierarchy. The mapping of high tone and stress is shown such as: 'card', a monosyllable with H tone, ‘stick’, a disyllabic word with L-H. The syllables corresponding to the main stressed units of the source words, are respected to be the prominent head. And they would attract a high tone. The Prosodic Faithfulness constraints make reference to lexical and surface prominence and require related strings to match in this prominent structure. It is proposed that the ranking of the constraints FAITH-PPROM and TONAL-HIERARCHY gives the explanation of the relationship of tone and stress.
期刊論文
1.Silverman, Daniel(1992)。Multiple scansions in loanword phonology: evidence from Cantonese。Phonology，9(2)，289-328。  new window
2.Yip, M.(1993)。Cantonese loanword phonology and optimality theory。Journal of East Asian Linguistics，2，261-291。  new window
3.Trail, A.、Ferraz, L.(1981)。The interpretation of tone in Principense creole。Studies in African Linguistics，12，205-215。  new window
4.Zoll, Cheryl(1997)。A note on multiple prominence and tone mapping。MIT Working Papers in Linguistics，30，97-111。  new window
5.Jonathan, kaye、Nykiel, barbara(1979)。Loan words and abstract phonotactic constraints。Canadian Journal of Linguistics，24，71-94。  new window
6.金定元(1986)。洋腔洋調探源－漢英音位系統對比研究。語言教學與研究，4，84-93。  延伸查詢new window
7.de Lacy, Paul(2002)。The interaction of tone and stress in Optimality Theory。Phonology，19(1)，1-32。  new window
8.Davison, Deborah S.(1991)。Stress and tonal targets in Tianjin Mandarin。UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics，78，58-77。  new window
9.曹逢甫(20001200)。臺式日語與臺灣國語--百年來在臺灣發生的兩個語言接觸實例。漢學研究，18(特刊)=36，273-297。new window  延伸查詢new window
10.Kang, Yoonjung(2003)。Perceptual similarity in loanword adaptation: English postvocalic word-final stops in Korean。Phonology，20(2)，219-273。  new window
11.McCarthy, John J.、Prince, Alan(1995)。Faithfulness and reduplicative identity。University of Massachusetts Occasional Papers in Linguistics，18，249-384。  new window
12.姚榮松(19920600)。臺灣現行外來語的問題。師大學報，37，329-362。new window  延伸查詢new window
13.陳瑤璣(19980600)。臺日語「聲調」之比較研究。國文學報，27，331-359。new window  延伸查詢new window
14.Liberman, Mark、Prince, Alan(1977)。On stress and Linguistic rhythm。Linguistic Inquiry，8(2)，249-336。  new window
15.鄭錦全(1973)。A quantitative study of Chinese tones。Journal of Chinese Linguistics，1(1)，93-110。  new window
16.張日昇(1986)。香港廣州話英語音譯借詞的聲調規律。中國語文，1986(1)，42-50。  延伸查詢new window
17.姚榮松(19911100)。外來語--廉價的朱古力？或入超的舶來品？。國文天地，7(6)=78，28-36。new window  延伸查詢new window
18.湯志祥(1997)。香港粵語裡的英語語詞。方言，3，178-182。  延伸查詢new window
19.鄭景濱(1997)。港澳粵方言新詞探源。中國語文，3，227-231。  延伸查詢new window
20.蘇金智(1997)。英語對香港語言使用的影響。中國語文，1997(3)，219-225。  延伸查詢new window
21.Bauer, Robert(1985)。The expanding syllabary of Hong Kong Cantonese。Cahiers de Linguistique-Asie Orientale，16，99-111。  new window
22.Bickmore, Lee(1995)。Tone and Stress in Lamba。Phonology，12，307-342。  new window
23.Broselow, Ellen(1999)。Stress, epenthesis, and segmental transformation in Selayarese loans。BLS，25，311-325。  new window
24.Duanmu, San(1992)。End-based theory, cyclic stress, and tonal domains。Chicago Linguistic Society，28，65-76。  new window
25.Goldsmith, John(1987)。Tone and accent, and getting the two together。Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society，13，88-104。  new window
26.Hyman, Larry M.(1970)。The role of borrowings in the justification of phonological grammars。Studies in African Linguistics，1，1-48。  new window
27.Hyman, Larry M.(1989)。Accent in Bantu: an appraisal。Studies in Linguistic Sciences，19，111-128。  new window
28.Kenstowicz, Michael J.(2004)。The Role of Perception in Loanword Phonology。Studies in African Linguistics，32，95-112。  new window
29.McCarthy, John J.、Prince, Alan S.(1994)。The Emergence of Unmarked: Optimality in Prosodic Morphology。NELS，24，333-379。  new window
30.Rice, K(1987)。Metrical structure in a tone language: the foot in Slave。Chicago Linguistic Society，23，239-252。  new window
31.Rivera-Castillo, Yolanda(1998)。Tone and stress in Papiamentu: the contribution of a constraint-based analysis to the problem of creole genesis。Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages，13，297-334。  new window
32.Salmons, Joe(1990)。From tone to stress: mechaniam and motivations。BLS，16，282-291。  new window
33.Shih, Chi-Lin(1985)。From tonal to accectial: Fuzhou tone sandhi revised。BLS，11，316-326。  new window
34.Shinohara, Shigeko(1997)。Default Accentuation and Foot Structure in Japanese: Evidence from Japanese Adaptations of French Words。MIT Working Papers in Linguistics，30，263-290。  new window
35.Smith, Jennifer L(2000)。Prominence, augmentation, and neutralization in phomology。Berkeley Linguistics Society，26，247-257。  new window
會議論文
1.林濤、王士元(2001)。聲調感知問題。北京。142-155。  延伸查詢new window
2.林濤(2001)。北京話去聲連續變調新探。北京。81-92。  延伸查詢new window
3.林濤(2001)。討論北京話輕聲性質的初步實驗。北京。120-141。  延伸查詢new window
4.湯志祥(1997)。今日香港的中英混和語。香港。85-104。  延伸查詢new window
5.湯志祥(1997)。今日香港的中英混和語。香港。85-104。  延伸查詢new window
6.Paperkamp, Sharon、Dupoux, E.(2003)。Reinterpreting loanword adaptations: the role of perception。Barcelona。367-370。  new window
7.Paperkamp, Sharon(2005)。A psycholonguistic theory of loanword adaptation。  new window
研究報告
1.Prince, Alan、Smolensky, Paul(2002)。Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar。  new window
學位論文
1.Sietsema, B.(1989)。Metrical Dependencies in Tone Assignment(博士論文)。MIT。  new window
圖書
1.陳新雄、竺家寧、姚榮松、羅肇錦、孔仲溫、吳聖雄(1989)。語言學辭典。臺北：三民書局。  延伸查詢new window
2.Yue-Hashimoto, Anne Oi-kan(1972)。Studies in Yue Dialects, 1: Phonology of Cantonese。Cambridge University Press。  new window
3.謝國平(1998)。語言學概論。臺北市：三民書局股份有限公司。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.Yip, Moira Jean Winsland(2002)。Tone。Cambridge University Press。  new window
5.Matthews, Stephen、Yip, Moira Virginia(1994)。Cantonese: A Comprehensive Grammar。London：Routledge。  new window
6.Anthony, F.(2000)。Prosodic features and prosodic structure: The phonology of suprasegmentals。Oxford：Oxford University Press。  new window
7.張洪年(1972)。香港粵語語法的研究。香港中文大學出版社。  延伸查詢new window
8.詹伯慧(1989)。現代漢語方言。現代漢語方言。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
9.胡曉清(1998)。外來語－現代文化語匯叢書。外來語－現代文化語匯叢書。北京。  延伸查詢new window
10.Hayes, Bruce(1994)。Metrical stress theory。Metrical stress theory。Chicago。  new window
11.沈炯(1999)。漢語音高載信系統模型。中國現代漢語言學的新拓展。香港。  延伸查詢new window
12.殷允美(1992)。現代漢語的抵輔調。聲韻論叢（第四輯）。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
13.湯廷池(1989)。新詞創造與漢語語法。漢語詞法句法續集。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
14.黃宣範(1974)。談中國語文中的外來語。語言學研究論叢。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
15.趙元任(1992)。借語舉例。中國現代語言學的開拓和發展：趙元任語言學論文選。北京。  延伸查詢new window
16.蔣平(1997)。漢語諸方言聲調分布的優選解釋。漢語雙方言五。香港。  延伸查詢new window
17.Beckman, Jill N.(1995)。University of Massachusetts Occasional Papers 18: Papers in Optimality Theory。University of Massachusetts Occasional Papers 18: Papers in Optimality Theory。GLSA。  new window
18.Booji, G.(1995)。The phonology of Dutch。The phonology of Dutch。Oxford。  new window
19.Chan, Mimi、Kwok, Helen(1982)。A Study of Lexical Borrowing From English in Hong Kong Chinese。A Study of Lexical Borrowing From English in Hong Kong Chinese。香港。  new window
20.趙元任(1980)。The MElody of Language。The MElody of Language。Baltimore。  new window
21.De Lacy, Paul(2000)。Prosodic markedness in prominent position。Prosodic markedness in prominent position。  new window
22.Kao, Diana(1971)。Structure of the syllable in Cantonese。Structure of the syllable in Cantonese。The Hague。  new window
23.Kenstowicz, Michael J.、Sohn, Hyang-Sook(2001)。Accentual Adaptation in North Kyungsang Korean。A Life in Language。Massachusetts。  new window
24.Kenstowicz, Michael J.(2003)。Salience and Similarity in Loanword Adaptation: a Case Study from Fijian。Salience and Similarity in Loanword Adaptation: a Case Study from Fijian。  new window
25.McCarthy, John(2002)。A guide to Optimality。A guide to Optimality。  new window
26.Michelson, K.(1988)。A Comparative Study of Lake-Iroquoian Accent。A Comparative Study of Lake-Iroquoian Accent。Dordrecht。  new window
27.Shinohara, Shigeko(2001)。Emergence of Universal Grammar in foreign word adaptations。Fixing Priorities: Constraints in Phonological Acquisition。New York。  new window
28.Smith, Jennifer L(2005)。Loan Phonology Is Not All Perception: Evidence from Japanese Loan Doublets。Japanese/Korean Linguistics。  new window
29.Smith, Jennifer L(2002)。Toward a compositional treatment of positional constraints: The case of positional augmentation。Papers in Optimality Theory 2: UMass Occasional Papers in Linguistics。Amherst。  new window
30.Yip, Moira(1997)。Consonant-vowel interaction in Cantonese。Studies in Chinese Phonology。Berlin。  new window
其他
1.姚榮松(1992)。海峽兩岸新詞語的比較分析，臺北。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.殷允美(1991)。現代漢語的抵輔調─及教學上的適用性，臺北。  延伸查詢new window
3.De Lacy, Paul(1999)。Tone and Prominence，Amherst。  new window
4.Duanmu, San(2002)。Tone amd non-tone languages，Taipei。  new window
5.Kenstowicz, Michael J.(2004)。Issues in Loanword Adaptation: a Case Study from Thai。  new window
6.Kenstowicz, Michael J.(2004)。Tone Loans: the Adaptation of English Loanwords into Yoruba。  new window
7.Rice, Curt(2005)。Norwegian stress and quantity: the implication of loanwords。  new window
8.Wingstedt, Maria，Schulman, R.(1984)。Comprehension of foreign accents。  new window
9.Yip, Moira(2000)。Tone and prominence-across-linguistic perspective。  new window
圖書論文
1.McCarthy, John J.、Prince, Alan S.(1993)。Generalized alignment。Yearbook of Morphology 1993。Dordrecht：Kluwer。  new window
2.Hyman, Larry M.(1978)。Tone and/or accent。Elements of tones, stress, and intonation。Washington, D.C.：Georgetown University。  new window
 
 
 
 
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