臺灣校園霸凌現象與危機因素之解析__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	臺灣校園霸凌現象與危機因素之解析
書刊名：	兒童及少年福利期刊
作者：	邱靖惠／蕭慧琳
作者(外文)：	Chiu, Ching-hui／Hsiao, Hua-ling
出版日期：	2009
卷期：	15
頁次：	頁147-170
主題關鍵詞：	霸凌；危機因素理論；量化研究；臺灣中小學；Bullying；Risk factors for bullying；Quantitative research；Elementary and junior high schools
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(14) 博士論文(2) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:14 共同引用:0 點閱:94

霸凌（bully) 係一個長期存在於校園的問題，指蓄意且具傷害性的行為，通常會持續重複出現在固定孩子之間的一種欺凌現象。根據兒童福利聯盟文教基金會的調查，台灣校園中，一成左右的孩子每週至少被同學欺負一次，逾六成的孩子自陳在學校曾被同學欺負，可見在台灣，「霸凌」為相當普遍之校園現象。目前國外針對校園霸凌已研究出具預測力的危機理論，可有效預測霸凌行為的發生，該危機因素可分成學校、家庭、個人三大面向，學校危機因素包括：師生關係、同儕品質、校園連結、校園成績表現；家庭危機因素包括：父母監督、親子關係、家庭社經地位、家庭衝突、家庭結構；個人危機因素包括：性別、年紀、生氣特質、衝動控制、暴力態度、毒品使用、吸煙/喝酒的偏差行為、直接暴力受創經驗、間接暴力受創經驗。本研究擬引用此西方理論架構，以問卷調查方式，量化分析學校、家庭、個人三大危機因素與台灣校園霸凌行為之關聯性，並研究背景因素—年級、性別對於霸凌行為之影響。調查於96年6月21日至6月29日施測，從台北、台中、高雄、花蓮等四地，選取九所國小及八所國中，針對國小四、五年級與國中一、二年級的學童進行問卷調查，計發出2,120份問卷，回收1,919份有效問卷，回收率達91%。結果發現，學校及個人危機因素具有霸凌行為預測力，使得霸凌發生率有顯著差異；而家庭危機因素缺乏預測力，可能緣自於台灣與國外的文化、種族特性不同。此外，不同年級、性別的學童其霸凌行為均有顯著性差異，男性學童的霸凌行為較女性多，中學生的霸凌行為較小學生多。透過本研究的結果與建議，可作為後續進入校園設計、執行反霸凌實驗方案，以及未來學校社工因應霸凌問題之參考。

以文找文

Bullying is most commonly defined as a set of aggressive behaviors at school that usually occurs to specific individuals over an extended period of time. According to the research of Children Welfare League Foundation (CWLF), there are 10 percents of Taiwan’s children who have been bullied at least once a week. Moreover, there are over 60 percents of children experienced bullying by their classmates, which seems to be a common and serious problem in the school environment. Western researchers explored various aspects of risk factors in order to predict the possibilities of bullying, including school, family and individual factors. School factors may include student-teacher relationship, peer quality factors, the bond to school, and academic achievement. Family factors could be disciplines, child-parent relationship, socioeconomic status of families, conflicts between family members, and family structures. Individual factors may include gender, age, temperament of anger, impulsiveness, aggressiveness and aberration behavior, such as drug abuse, smoking, alcohol use, direct-violent, as well as indirect-violent experiences. Based on the risk factor analysis, this study aims to probe the reasons why children in Taiwan behave as bullies, and whether specific factors would cause bullying by quantitative questionnaire survey. The result of this study shows that school and individual factors could increase more possibilities of bullying than family factors did. Besides, gender and age differences have been found in this study. Males are more likely to bully than females, and bullying tends to increase during the secondary school years. According to these evidences, educators and social workers in Taiwan could establish policies and procedures to prevent the possibilities of bullying.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Hoover, J. H.、Oliver, R.、Thomson, K.(1993)。Perceived victimization by school bullies: New research and future directions。Journal of Humanistic Education and Development，32(2)，76-84。
2.	Craig, W. M.(1998)。The Relationship among Bullying, Victimization, Depression, Anxiety, and Aggression in Elementary School Children。Personality and Individual Difference，24，123-130。
3.	Boulton, M.(1991)。A comparison of structural and contextual features of middle school children’s playful and aggressive ghting。Ethology and Sociobiology，12(2)，119-145。
4.	Björkqvist, K. A. J.、Ekman, K.、Lagerspetz, K.(1982)。Bullies and victims: Their ego picture, ideal ego picture, and normative ego picture。Scandinavian Journal of Psychology，23(1)，307-313。
5.	Boivin, M.、Hymel, S.、Bukowski, W. M.(1995)。The roles of social withdrawal, peer rejection, and victimization by peer sin predicting loneliness and depressed mood in childhood。Development and Psychopathology，7，765-785。
6.	Charach, M.、Pepler, D.、Ziegler, R.(1995)。Bullying at school: A Canadian perspective。Education Canada，35(1)，12-18。
7.	Graham, S.、Juvonen, J.(1998)。Self-blame and peer victimization in middle school: An attributional bias。Developmental Psychology，34(3)，587-599。
8.	Hanish, L.、Guerra, N.(2000)。The roles of ethnicity and school context in predicting children’s victimization by peers。American Journal of Community Psychology，28，201-223。
9.	Hara, E. M.(1995)。Big bad bully: How kids--and parents--can wrestle with a bully. But the one most hurt by bullying is the bully himself。Psychology Today，29，1-17。
10.	Hazier, J.、Camy, J.、Green, S.、Powell, R.、Jolly, L.(1997)。Areas of expert agreement on identification of school bullies and victims。School Psychology International，18，5-14。
11.	O’Donnell, C. R.(2001)。School Violence:Trends, Risk Factors, Prevention, and Recommendations。Law & Policy，23，409-416。
12.	Olweus, D.(1996)。Bully/victim problems at school: Facts and effective intervention: Reclaiming children and youth。Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Problems，5(1)，15-22。
13.	O’moore, A.、Kirkham, C.、Smith, M.(1997)。Bullying behavior in Irish schools: A nationwide study。Irish Journal of psychology，18，141-169。
14.	Perry, D. G.、Williard, J.、Perry, L. C.(1990)。Peers' Perceptions of the Consequences that Victimized Children Provide Aggressors。Child Development，61，1310-1325。
15.	Rigby, K.、Slee, P.(1991)。Bullying among Australian children: reported behavior and attitudes to victims。Journal of Social Psychology，131，615-627。
16.	Rivers, I.、Smitii, P.(1994)。Types of bullying behaviors and their correlates。Aggressive Behavior，20，359-368。
17.	Wachtel, P.(1973)。Psychodynamics, behavior therapy and the implacable experimenter: An inquiry into the consistency of pmonality.。Journal of Abnormal Psychology，83，324-334。
18.	Warner, Beth S.、Weist, Mark D.、Krulak, Amy(1999)。Risk factors for school violence。Urban Education，34(1)，52-68。
19.	Whitney, I.、Smith, R. K.(1993)。A survey of the nature and extent of bully/victim problems in junior/middle and secondary schools。Educational Research，35，3-25。
20.	Sharp, S.(1995)。How much does Bullying hurt? The effects of bullying on the personal well-being and educational progress of secondary aged students。Educational and Child Psychology，12，81-88。
21.	Yoon, J. S.、Kerber, K.(2003)。Bullying: Elementary teachers’ attitudes and intervention strategies。Research in Education，69，27-35。
22.	Björkqvist, K.、Kaukiainen, A.、Lagerspetz, K. M. J.(1992)。Do Girls Manipulate and Boys Fight? Developmental Trends in Regard to Direct and Indirect Aggression。Aggressive Behavior，18(2)，117-127。
23.	Rigby, K.(2000)。Effects of peer victimization in schools and perceived socials support on adolescent well-being。Journal of Adolescence，23，57-68。
24.	Crick, N. R.、Grotpeter, J. K.(1995)。Relational aggression, gender, and social-psychological adjustment。Child Development，66(3)，710-722。
25.	Olweus, D.(1997)。Bully/victim problems in school: facts and intervention。European Journal of Psychology of Education，12(4)，495-510。
26.	Slee, P.、Rigby, K.(1993)。The relationship of Eysenck’s personality factors and self-esteem to bully-victim behaviour in Australian schoolboys。Personality and Individual Differences，14(2)，371-373。
27.	Hodges, E. V. E.、Malone, M. J. Jr.、Perry, D. G.(1997)。Individual risk and social risk as interacting determinants of victimization in the peer group。Developmental Psychology，33(6)，1032-1039。
28.	Kochenderfer, B. J.、Ladd, G. W.(1996)。Peer victimization: Cause or consequence of school maladjustment?。Child Development，67(4)，1305-1317。
29.	Boulton, M. J.(1996)。Bullying in mixed sex groups of children。Educational Psychology，16(4)，439-443。
30.	Boulton, M. J.、Smith, P. K.(1994)。Bully/victim problems in middle-school children: Stability, self-perceived competence, peer perceptions and peer acceptance。British Journal of Developmental Psychology，12(3)，315-329。
31.	Hoover, J. H.、Oliver, R.、Hazler, R. J.(1992)。Bullying: Perceptions of adolescent victims in the midwestern USA。School Pychology lnternational，13，5-16。
32.	Slee, P.(1995)。Peer victimization and its relationship to depression among Australian primary school students。Personality and Individual Differences，18(1)，57-62。
33.	Oliver, R.、Oaks, I. N.、Hoover, J. H.(1994)。Family issues and interventions in bully and victim relationships。School Counselor，41(3)，199-202。
34.	Cairns, R. B.、Cairns, B. D.、Neckerman, H. J.、Gest, S. D.、Gariepy, J.-L.(1988)。Social networks and aggressive behavior: Peer support or peer rejection?。Developmental Psychology，24，815-823。
35.	Smith, P. K.、Shu, S.(2000)。What good schools can do about bullying: Findings from a survey in English schools after a decade of research and action。Childhood，7(2)，193-212。

會議論文
1.	Chen, J. K.(2007)。Can western risk factors of school violence predict school violence in Taiwan? Implication for cultural similarities or difference in school violence between west and east.。Eleventh Annual Conference of Society for Social Work Research。San Francisco, CA。
2.	McMaster, L.、Connolly, J.、Pepler, D.、Craig, W.(1997)。Peer to peer sexual harassment in early adolescence: A developmental perspective。the annual meeting of the Canadian Psychological Association。Toronto, Canada。

研究報告
1.	兒童福利聯盟文教基金會(2008)。2008「哎喲喂呀」兒童專線來電分析報告。延伸查詢

圖書
1.	兒童福利聯盟文教基金會(2004)。國小兒童校園霸凌（bully）現象調查報告。臺北：兒童福利聯盟文教基金會。延伸查詢
2.	Olweus, D.(1978)。Aggression in the schools: Bullies and whipping boys。Washington, DC：Hemisphere Press。
3.	Schwartz, W.(1999)。Preventing Violence by elementary school children。New York, NY：ERIC Clearinghouse on Urban Education。
4.	American Association of University Women Educational Foundation(1993)。Hostile hallways: The AAUWsurvey on sexual harassment in America’s schools。Washington, DC。
5.	Barton, E.(2000)。Leadership strategies for safe schools。Arlington Heights, IL：SkyLight Training and Publishing。
6.	Nisbett, R.(2003)。The geography of thought: How Asians and Westerners think differently: And why?。Nicholas Brealey Pubn. Ltd.。
7.	Olweus, D.(1993)。Bullying at school: What we know and what can we do。Blackewll。
8.	Barton, E. A.(2006)。Bully prevention: Tips and strategies for school leaders and classroom teachers。Thousand Oaks, California：Corwin press。
9.	Jaffe, P. G.、Wolfe, D. A.、Wilson, S. K.(1990)。Children of battered women。Sage。
10.	Thomas, A.、Chess, S.(1977)。Temperament and development。Brunner/Mazel。

其他
1.	兒童福利聯盟文教基金會(2005)。哎唷喂呀…報告値日生，學校有狀況！兒童校園「非肢體霸凌」現況調查報告。延伸查詢
2.	兒童福利聯盟文教基金會(2006)。兒童校園「性霸凌」現況調査報告。延伸查詢
3.	兒童福利聯盟文教基金會(2007)。兒童校園「霸凌者」現況調査報告，http://www.children.org.tw。延伸查詢

圖書論文
1.	Olweus, D.(1991)。Bully/victim problems among schoolchildren: Basic facts and effects of a school based intervention program。The development and treatment of children aggression。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum。
2.	Batsche, G.(1997)。Bullying。Childrens needsll: Development, problem, and alternatives。Bethesda, MD：National Association of School Psychologists。
3.	Batsche, G.(1997)。Bullying: Development and implications。Children's needs: Psychological perspectives-ll。Bethesda, MD：National Association of School Psychologists。
4.	Boulter, Lyn(2004)。Family-school connection and school violence prevention。Negro Educational Review。
5.	DeVoe, J.、Kaffenberger, S.(2005)。Student reports of bullying: Results from the 2001 school crime supplement to the National Crime Victim ization Survey (NCES 205-310)。U.S. Deparetment of Education Statistics。Washington, DC：U.S. Government Printing Office。
6.	Maccoby, E.、Martin, J.(1983)。Sociallization in the context of family。Handbook of developmental psychopath-olgy。New York：Plenum。
7.	Nelson, D.、Crick, N.(2001)。Parental psychological control: Implications for childhood physical and relational aggression。Intrusive parenting: How psychological control affects children and adolescents。Washington, DC：American Psychological Association。
8.	Patterson, G.(1986)。The contribution of slibings to training for fighting: A microsocial analysis。Development of antisocial and prosocial behavior: Research, theories, and issues。New York：Academic Press。
9.	Ruth, B.、Arthur, M. H.(2005)。Bully Prevention in Schools: A United States Experience。Peer Victimization in Schools: An International Perspective。
10.	Wendy, M. C.、Yossi, H.(2004)。Bullying, physical fighting and victimization。2001-02 HBSC International Report Young People's Health in Context。

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