摘 要 本文是從臺灣前輩社會學家陳紹馨先生對於臺灣社會整合類型所提出 的部落社會、俗民社會與國民社會之三階段論出發，探討近代臺灣社會組織 原則的變遷，強調社會自然進化模式的不足，並指出政治權力分析的重要 性。回顧臺灣歷史，殖民統治或是外來政權的統治是主要的政治權力治理常 民社會的模式，政治體系對於臺灣社會組織原則的影響是顯著的。統治政權 對於常民社會採取控制和安撫的手段。一方面，嚴格限制公民集會結社的權 利，民間社團或公民社會無法從基層自我組織、積極發展；另一方面，透過 恩庇侍從關係吸納收編地方菁英，並以恩惠利益的交換來強化既有的人情關 係取向之社會組織模式。國家機器的介入限定社會組織原則變遷的方向與進 程。臺北縣三個案例社會組織原則變遷的比較分析顯示，社區整合模式的差 異性與多樣性、社區內部組織原則與公民社會整體組織原則間存在著衝突與 整合的複雜關係，公民團體是具有能動性促使傳統家族或地緣關係轉變為公 民利益取向的組織模式。

Abstract Professor Shao-Shin Chen proposed that social integration models of Taiwan society evolved from tribal society, folk society and subsequently to national society. Since colonial governments or external political regimes frequently invaded Taiwan and controlled the territory in past four hundred years, this article argues that social evolutionary theories are not sufficient enough to explain changes in Taiwan social organizations and it is necessary to employ political power framework to examine these issues. While these political regimes always prohibited freedom of citizens’ association and impeded the development of civil societies, central political leaders regularly used patron-client relationships to coopt local elites. In turn, these elites provided favors to their followers in exchange for political supports. As a result, relation-oriented social interactions had prevailed throughout the history. Based on comparison among three communities located in the Taipei county, this study finds diversified social integration models exist in the local level and internal social organizational principles within the communities interweaving with society-wide organizational principles. However, it is still possible for local community organizations to initiate social activities to establish civil societies from bottom up.