醫師的專業判斷及行爲是否符合病人最大利益爲重要影響因素，在醫學倫理中的不傷害原則和行善原則指引下，醫師除了有義務以病人的最大利益進行醫療行爲外，也必須在衡量病人狀況下在醫療行爲的風險和可預期病人的最大利益之間取得平衡點。因此本評論即從多方面（包括最大利益原則法律及倫理定義、醫療上最大利益原則之應用、實例說明）等之論述，期能探究醫療從業人員在最大限度的可能裡兼顧病患真意及令病患參與醫療決策，由當事人主體的價值觀以及原有或更佳的生活品質出發，才能讓醫療決策的走向符合病患的最大利益。

Whether the physician's professional diagnoses and behaviors will meet the patient's best interests or not, is the most influential factor of patient's best benefits. In medical ethics, under the guideline of non-maleficence and beneficence, the physicians in addition to have an obligation to concern the patient's best interest to medical procedures, but also have to measure the patient's condition and take the balance between the risk of medical procedures and predictable patient's best interests. Therefore, this study comments many topics including the legal and ethical definitions of the best interests, the medical applications of the beneficence, and examples. The medical practitioners need to explore the maximum possible to concern the patient's autonomy and let patients participate in the medical decisions. Begin with the values of the parties and an equal or better life quality to let the medical decision-making base on the patient's best interests.