The goal of this paper is to examine impact of the ECFA on economic and trade relations between South Korea and Taiwan from trade structure among three counties. South Korea and the Republic of China at Taiwan are export-oriented countries that mainly rely on economic growth by export. Both countries have become competitive on the international market as their bilateral economic and industrial structures are similar and export markets overlapping. China is both countries' largest export market and there exist homogeneity of their main export items to China. Therefore both countries are in serious attempts to avoid making cutthroat competition with each other in the Chinese market. After the signing of the cross-strait ECFA, Taiwan gains a much higher price advantage than South Korea, and may weaken South Korea's competitive position in China. This signals disaster to South Korea's foreign trade, and surely South Korea needs to swiftly contract the FTA with China to tide over the cross-strait ECFA. However, because of South Korea's strategic order to promote FTA and discrepancies in negotiation for sensitive areas (i.e. agriculture), FTA negotiations between two counties seem difficult to bear fruit in a short period. Taiwan is South Korea's fifth largest economic and trade partner. Taiwan has a close relationship with China, Southeast Asia. Thus, by expansion of the cross-strait economic and trade cooperation, South Korea hopes to strengthen economic and trade cooperation with Taiwan, and then hopes to actively seek market in China and Southeast Asia. From this point of view, ECFA might be an interesting opportunity to enhance South Korea's relations with Taiwan.