The article is based on census record of Japanese colonial period and combined field survey with historical research method. It analyzed the relation of congregation, formation, racial, domicile of origin and making living of carpenters who moved to Chiayi according to census record documents from 1905 (Meiji year 38) to 1945 (Showa year 20) and the development of Chiayi Alishan forestry, and proposed a phenomenon of professional carpenters congregation due to development of regional industry and conclude with analysis for the formerly course of culture activity. The conclusion shows that it brought into the immigration of traditional architectural carpenters’ group owning to the influence of Chiayi forestry during Japanese Colonial Period and carpenter’s groups came from different region clustered there to make living in the meanwhile, including the different racial from Japan, China and Taiwan. The traditional artificer craft was inherited by traditional patriarchy and their family, and changed to paragenesis of original country and small group after immigrating to Taiwan, as well as phenomenon of the cohabitation and paragensis from patriarchal clan. Moreover, it affects the formation and development of city of Chiayi forestry by temporary making living from immigration of population of carpenter’s group. In the light of the census record, there is about 50% of forestry population of total population in Chiayi forestry from 1914 (Taisho year 3) and the immigration of carpenter’s population occupies one thirds of total forestry population, formed and congregated in the same area. The phenomenon of congregation and dispersion reflected as the result of racial, native census and occupation.