1943年3月10日，蔣介石出版《中國之命運》一書，曾在國內外造成極大的影響。4個月之後，毛澤東親自組織了一場批判行動，把《中國之命運》視為「掀起第三次反共高潮的宣傳書」，並攻擊蔣介石是「中國的法西斯」。事實上，中共對蔣介石及其《中國之命運》的批評是屬於「政治話語」，並不完全是「歷史事實」。本文將《中國之命運》一書放在蔣介石建構現代中國的脈絡中觀察，可以理解蔣介石試圖為戰後的中國擘劃一個藍圖。值得注意的是，《中國之命運》一書中宣示：「一個黨、一個主義、一個領袖」，等於提前2年引發國共政權的爭奪戰。總之，1943年是中國抗日戰爭極具關鍵的一年；蔣介石選擇在此時出版《中國之命運》一書，並非意氣之爭，而是要宣揚其重要的政治理念。換言之，蔣介石在領導中國堅忍抗戰5、6年之後，終於在此中國國際地位與個人聲望達到最頂峰之際，藉《中國之命運》一書來建構現代中國。

On May 10th, 1943, Chiang Kai-shek published his ＂China's Destiny＂, which was a book once exerted great influence inside and outside China. Four months later, Mao Zedong himself initiated a campaign of criticism against this book and its author by asserting that China's Destiny was ＂the propaganda book of the third wave against the communism＂ and that Chiang Kai-shek was ＂the fascist of China.＂ In reality, the CCP's criticism of Chiang Kai-shek and his ＂China's Destiny＂ could be more properly considered as a political discourse rather than an historical fact. By examining ＂China's Destiny＂ within the context of Chiang Kai-shek's endeavors to build a modern China, this article interprets the book as the blueprint that Chiang Kai'Shek drew for the postwar China. It is worth noting that the idea of ＂one party, one doctrine, and one leader＂ claimed in ＂China s Destiny＂ actually brought forward the CCP-KMT conflict over political power by two years. In 1943, the very crucial year for the War Resistance against Japan, Chiang Kai-shek should have so chosen to publish ＂China's Destiny＂ could not just be interpreted as being out of his personal feelings but apparently having everything to do with the serious intention to propagate his political ideas of great significance. In other words, after the five to six years of leading the war resistance against Japan, Chiang Kai-shek had chosen to describe his dream for China in ＂China's Destiny＂ when the Republic of China's international status and his personal reputation reached the peak.