"Agricultural Bank" plays an important role in Credit Departments of Farmers' Associations in Taiwan in recent years, which helps them with improvement and development. In view of the importance, this research will consider the characteristic and situation of Credit Departments of Farmers' Associations in Taiwan to establish Data Envelopment Analysis Model (DEA) and Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) for analyzing the effect of establishment of the Agricultural Bank on operational efficiency and productivity of Credit Departments of Farmers' Associations in Taiwan. Besides, this research will also use Tobit Model to explore the influence of extrinsic factors on efficiency. Based on the empirical results, the related units will get some policy suggestions.