本研究以逆向產業創新週期觀點，探討台灣產業研發聯盟的演化，並進一步分析各種產業研發聯盟型態治理的關鍵成功因素。本研究以1990～2012年的研發聯盟為研究對象，並將研發聯盟型態區分為六大類，由各類中選取一個成功聯盟案例，結合結構性訪談與研發聯盟次級資料，分析六大類聯盟的關鍵成功因素。研究結果發現：(1)台灣產業研發聯盟從1990年代以「產品發展聯盟」為主，2000年代以「技術發展聯盟」為主，至2010年代則以「知識分享聯盟」為主；(2)成功的研發聯盟治理，除需有共同關鍵成功因素之外，隨著研發聯盟型態的特殊性，其關鍵成功因素有所差異。本研究總結，台灣產業研發聯盟的型態與治理需與逆向產業創新週期觀點相互扣合，最後對有效管理各類型研發聯盟提出建言。

This paper aims to examine the evolution, types and key success factors (KSFs) of Taiwan’s Industrial R&D alliance in different stages and patterns from the perspective of reverse industrial innovation cycle. Using Taiwan’s R&D alliances from 1990 to 2012, the paper classifies R&D alliances into 6 types and analyzes the key success factors for each type of alliance. The results reveal that dominant type of Taiwan’s R&D alliances move from “product development alliance” to “technology development alliance”, and to “knowledge sharing alliance” over time. Besides, the common KSFs for managing R&D alliance and specific KSFs for each alliance are identified. The paper concludes that the types and governance of Taiwan’s R&D alliance are critical to fit in with the perspective of reverse industrial innovation cycle.