少年性侵者再犯危險評估量表之臺灣常模初探及其與病態人格量表之相關研究_

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題名：	少年性侵者再犯危險評估量表之臺灣常模初探及其與病態人格量表之相關研究
書刊名：	性學研究
作者：	林明傑／黃冠豪
作者(外文)：	Lin, Min-chieh／Huang, Guan-hao
出版日期：	2017
卷期：	8:1
頁次：	頁1-31
主題關鍵詞：	性侵害；少年犯罪；危險評估；風險評估；Juvenile；Sex offender；Risk assessment；Taiwan
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:2 共同引用:38 點閱:15

台灣的少年性侵害日益增多，至2012年才納入社區輔導治療。本研究之目的在釐清少年與成年性侵者心理病理與再犯危險特質有何不同及國內可用之少年性侵者再犯危險評估量表常模，並嘗試以病態人格量表少年版（PCL-YV）作為效標。比較三種量表後，選定J-SOAP-II並以少年監獄的少年犯與三個法院的保護管束少年來做為建立常模之樣本。J-SOAP-II共28題，每題可給0、1、2分，全距為0到56分，分屬四個分量表，前兩個屬靜態因素，各為性驅力與衝動反社會性，後兩個屬於動態因素，各為處遇及社區適應。研究結果以監獄組及保護管束組各建常模，在全部量表、靜態量表、與動態量表之平均數與標準差上面，監獄組為各為20.28（7.04）、11.68（4.41)、8.45（4.83），而保護管束樣本為15.75（7.92）、7.73（3.95）、8.49（5.10）。在以病態人格量表少年版作為J-SOAP-II的效標上，PCL-YV總分、因素一（人際情感）、及因素二（行為與反社會）各與J-SOAP-II總分之相關係數r分別為 .76、.67、及 .66均達顯著，且發現因素一與動態因素較相關而因素二與靜態因素較相關。筆者建議以少年分數減平均值再除以標準差所得之標準分數Z值在0及以下（占所有個案50%）為低危險、在0 ~ 1（占所有個案34%）為中危險、在1及以上（占所有個案16%）為高危險。研究限制與建議在文末提出。

以文找文

Juvenile sex offense has been increasing during past years, but it was not until 2012 to include them into community treatment program in Taiwan. The purpose of this study was to clarify etiology and risk assessment of juvenile sex offenders, and to establish the norm of risk assessment scale in Taiwan as well as the correlation with psychopathy. J-SOAP II was evaluated and chosen to establish to norm by a juvenile prison and three juvenile probation jurisdiction areas. There were 28 items in J-SOAP II and each could be rated for 0, 1, 2, with 2 static subscales and 2 dynamic subscales. Based on total, static, and dynamic scores, the norm for prisoners were 20.28 (SD = 7.04), 11.68 (4.41), and 8.45 (4.83), whereas the norm for probationers were 15.75 (7.92), 7.73 (3.95), and 8.49 (5.10). While using psychopathy (PCLYV) as a criteria validity tool, it was found that J-SOAP II’s correlation with total, Factor I, and Factor II among PCL-YV were .76, .67, and .66, (all p ＜ .05). The author suggested that it could temporarily use the norm to count the Z standard score for identify levels of risk, while Z ＜ 0 means below average (50% of sample), Z = 0 ~ 1 means slight higher average (34% of sample), and Z ＞ 1 means much higher average (16% of sample). The limitation and suggestion were also provided.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Seto, M. C.、Lalumière, M. L.(2010)。What is so special about male adolescent sexual offending? A review and test of explanations through meta-analysis。Psychological Bulletin，136(4)，526-575。
2.	Edwards, R.、Beech, A.、Bishopp, D.、Erikson, M.、Friendship, C.、Charlesworth, L.(2005)。Predicting dropout from a residential programme for adolescent sexual abusers using pre-treatment variables and implications for recidivism。Journal of Sexual Aggression，11，139-155。
3.	Elkovitch, N.、Viljoen, J. L.、Scalora, M. J.、Ullman, D.(2008)。Assessing risk of reoffending in adolescents who have committed a sexual offense: The accuracy of clinical judgments after completion of risk assessment instruments。Behavioral Sciences & the Law，26(4)，511-528。
4.	Martinez, R.、Flores, J.、Rosenfeld, B.(2007)。Validity of the juvenile sex offender assessment protocol-II (J-SOAP-II) in a sample of urban minority youth。Criminal Justice and Behavior，34(10)，1284-1295。
5.	Rajlic, G.、Gretton, H. M.(2010)。An examination of two sexual recidivism risk measures in adolescent offenders: The moderating effect of offender type。Criminal Justice and Behavior，37，1066-1085。
6.	Viljoen, J.、Scalora, M.、Cuadra, L.、Bader, S.、Chávez, V.、Ullman, D.(2008)。Assessing risk for violence in adolescents who have sexually offended: A comparison of the J-SOAP-II, J-SORRAT-II, and SAVRY。Criminal Justice and & Behavior，35(1)，5-23。
7.	Wanklyn, S. G.、Ward, A. K.、Cormier, M. S.、Day, D. M.、Newman, J. E.(2012)。Can We Distinguish Juvenile Violent Sex Offenders, Violent Non-sex Offenders, and Versatile Violent Sex Offenders Based on Childhood Risk Factors?。Journal of Interpersonal Violence，27(11)，2128-2143。
8.	Worling, J. R.(2004)。The Estimate of Risk of Adolescent Sexual Offense Recidivism (ERASOR): Preliminary Psychometric Data。Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment，16，235-254。
9.	林明傑(19991200)。性罪犯之心理評估暨危險評估。社區發展季刊，88，316-340。延伸查詢
10.	鄭瑞隆(20061000)。少年性侵犯行之成因、評估與矯正處遇。亞洲家庭暴力與性侵害期刊，2(1)，65-91。延伸查詢
11.	Hare, R. D.、Harpur, T. J.、Hakstian, A. R.、Forth, A. E.、Hart, S. D.、Newman, J. P.(1990)。The revised psychopathy checklist: reliability and factor structure。Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology，2(3)，338-341。
12.	Pullman, L.、Seto, M. C.(2012)。Assessment and treatment of adolescent sexual offenders: implications of recent research on generalist versus specialist explanations。Child Abuse & Neglect，36，203-209。
13.	蔡景宏、曾冬勝、林燕卿、朱元祥(2012)。青少年性侵害犯的個人特質與雙親教養態度之探討。台灣精神醫學，26，88-95。延伸查詢
14.	蕭如婷、蔡景宏(20141200)。性侵害事件少年評估與處遇。亞洲家庭暴力與性侵害期刊，10(2)，131-158。延伸查詢
15.	Andrews, Don A.、Bonta, James、Wormith, J. Stephen(2006)。The recent past and near future of risk and/or need assessment。Crime and Delinquency，52(1)，7-27。
16.	Andrews, D. A.、Bonta, J.、Hoge, R. D.(1990)。Classification for effective rehabilitation: Rediscovering psychology。Criminal Justice and Behavior，17(1)，19-52。
17.	Alterman, A. I.、Cacciola, J. S.、Rutherford, M. J.(1993)。Reliability of the revised psychopathy checklist in substance abuse patients。Psychological Assessment，5，442-448。
18.	Davis, G.、Leitenberg, H.(1987)。Adolescent sex offenders。Psychological Bulletin，101，417-427。
19.	Chu, C. M.、Ng, K.、Fong, J.、Teoh, J.(2012)。Assessing youth who sexually offended: The predictive validity of the ERASOR, J-SOAP-II, and YLS/CMI in a non-western context。Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment，24，153-174。
20.	Cellini, H.(1993)。Kids making history: Violence in the 90s。Juvenile and Family Justice Today，2，1。
21.	Fanniff, A. M.、Letourneau, E. J.(2012)。Another piece of the puzzle: Psychometric properties of the J-SOAP-II。Sex Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment，24，378-408。
22.	Gretton, H. M.、McBride, M.、Hare, R. D.、O'Shaughnessy, R.、Kumka, G.(2001)。Psychopathy and recidivism in adolescent sex offenders。Criminal Justice and Behavior，28，427-449。
23.	Hemphill, James F.、Hare, Robert D.、Wong, Stephen(1998)。Psychopathy and recidivism: A review。Legal and Criminological Psychology，3，139-170。
24.	Harris, G. T.、Rice, M. E.、Quinsey, V. L.(1993)。Violent recidivism of mentally disordered offenders: The development of a statistical prediction instrument。Criminal Justice and Behavior，20，315-335。
25.	Lin, M. J.、Maxwell, S. R.、Barclay, A. M.(2000)。The Proportions of different types of sex offenders and the degree of difficulty in treating them: A comparison of the perceptions by clinicians in Taiwan and in Michigan。International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology，44，222-231。
26.	Parks, G. A.、Bard, D. E.(2006)。Risk factors for adolescent sex offender recidivism: Evaluation of predictive factors and comparison of three groups based upon victim type。Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment，18，319-342。
27.	National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges(1993)。The revised report from the National Task Force on Juvenile Sexual Offending, 1993 of the National Adolescent Perpetrator Network。Juvenile & Family Court Journal，44，5-120。
28.	Worling, J. R.、Bookalam, D.、Litteljohn, A.(2012)。Prospective validity of the estimate of risk of adolescent sexual offense recidivism (ERASOR)。Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment，24，203-223。
29.	Hare, Robert D.、Hart, Stephen D.、Harpur, Timothy J.(1991)。Psychopathy and the DSM-IV criteria for antisocial personality disorder。Journal of Abnormal Psychology，100(3)，391-398。
30.	Hanson, R. Karl、Bussière, Monique T.(1998)。Predicting relapse: A meta-analysis of sexual offender recidivism studies。Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology，66(2)，348-362。
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會議論文
1.	McBride, M.、Kumka, C.、Schmidt, J.、Hare, R.(1998)。Developmental precursors to psychopathy。The Biennial Meeting of the American Psychology-Law Society (Div. 41 of the American Psychological Association)。Redondo Beach, CA。

研究報告
1.	衛生福利部保護服務司(2015)。性侵害犯罪防治統計資訊。延伸查詢

學位論文
1.	Bera, W. H.(1985)。A preliminary investigation of a typology of adolescent sex offenders and their family systems(碩士論文)。University of Minnesota，Minneapolis, MN。
2.	Nelson, R.(2011)。Predicting recidivism among juvenile sex offenders: The validity of the ERASOR(-)。Roger Williams University，Bristol, Rhode Island。
3.	McBride, M.(1998)。Individual and familial risk factors to adolescent psychopathy(博士論文)。University of British Columbia，Vancouver。

圖書
1.	Prentky, R.、Righthand, S.(2003)。Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol-II (J-SOAP-II) Manual。Bridgewater, MA：Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention。
2.	Groth, A. N.、Burgess, A. W.(1979)。Men who rape: The Psychology of the offender。New York：Plenum。
3.	Forth, A. E.、Kosson, D.、Hare, R. D.(2003)。Hare psychopathy checklist: Youth version。Toronto：Multi-Health Systems。
4.	Frick, P. J.、Hare, R. D.(2001)。Antisocial process screening device。Toronto：Multi-Health Systems。
5.	Hanson, R. K.、Harris, A.(1998)。Dynamic predictors of sexual recidivism。Ottawa：Department of the Solicitor General Canada。
6.	Hare, R. D.、Vertommen, H.(1991)。Hare psychopathy checklist-revised。Tonawanda, NY：North Multi-Health Systems。
7.	Hanson, R. Karl、Thornton, David(1999)。Static 99: Improving actuarial risk assessments for sex offenders。Department of the Solicitor General of Canada, Ottawa。

圖書論文
1.	Hunter, J. A.(2006)。Understanding diversity in juvenile sexual offenders: Implications for assessment, treatment, and legal management。Current perspectives: Working with sexually aggressive youth and youth with sexual behavior problems。Holyoke, MA：NEARI Press。
2.	Hare, R. D.(1998)。Psychopaths and their nature: Implications for the mental health and criminal justice systems。Psychopathy: Antisocial, criminal, and violent behavior。Guilford Press。
3.	林明傑(2008)。台灣成年性侵害加害人中病態人格之傾向及其與動靜態再犯危險評估相關性之研究。犯罪心理研究。台北市：巨流。延伸查詢
4.	Forth, A. E.、Burke, H. C.(1998)。Psychopathy in adolescence: Assessment, violence, and developmental precursors。Psychopathy: Theory, research, and implications for society。Dordrecht, The Netherlands：Kluwer。
5.	Epperson, D. L.、Ralston, C. A.、Fowers, D.、DeWitt, J.、Gore, K. S.(2006)。Actuarial risk assessment with juveniles who offend sexually: Development of the Juvenile Sexual Offense Recidivism Risk Assessment Tool-II。Risk assessment of youth who have sexually abused: Theory, controversy, and emerging strategies。Oklahoma City, OK：Wood & Barnes。
6.	Forth, A. E.、Mailloux, D. L.(2000)。Psychopathy in youth: What do we know?。The Clinical and Forensic Assessment of Psychopathy: A Practitioners Guide。Mahwah, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。
7.	Lane, S.(1997)。Assessment of sexually abusive youth。Juvenile sexual offending: Causes, consequences, and corrections。San Francisco, CA：Jossey-Bass。
8.	Ryan, G.(1997)。The families of sexually abusive youth。Juvenile sexual offending: Causes, consequences, and corrections。San Francisco, CA：Jossey-Bass。
9.	Worling, J. R.、Curwen, T.(2001)。Estimate of risk of adolescent sexual offense recidivism (ERASOR; Version 2.0)。Juveniles and children who sexually abuse: frameworks for assessment。Lyme Regis：Russell House Publishing。
10.	Bonta, J.(1996)。Risk-needs assessment and treatment。Choosing correctional options that work: Defining the demand and evaluating the supply。Sage。
11.	Knight, R. A.、Prentky, R. A.(1990)。Classifying sexual offenders: The development and corroboration of taxonomic models。Handbook of Sexual Assault: Issues, Theories, and Treatment of the Offender。Plenum。

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