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題名:少年性侵害行為發展歷程之研究
作者:黃家珍
校院名稱:中央警察大學
系所名稱:犯罪防治研究所
指導教授:周文勇
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2010
主題關鍵詞:性侵害行為
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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論 文 摘 要
女性意識抬頭、婦女團體倡導及社會問題立法化風潮下,性侵害議題一直受到前所未有的關注與探討。不僅研究豐碩,更深刻影響著立法、行政及司法機關的各項作為。僅管少年妨害性自主罪,已成為國內少年犯罪中的第三高犯罪類型,但少年性侵害研究上,常必須面對研究主題的標籤負面效應性,與個案接近的困難性,使得研究者却步。同時,司法或矯正單位多半將少年性侵害行為,視為「成熟後會消失的行為」心態下,未全然正視少年性侵害者,可能要有別於不同犯罪少年的輔導與治療的需求。
本研究為深入探討少年性侵害本質與意義,並建構少年性侵害行為發展歷程之理論。以質性方法訪談了10位性侵害犯罪少年,採行紮根理論研究法,進行資料蒐集與分析技術。訪談資料分析發現:
一、犯罪起因來自薄弱社會鍵。少年家庭結構不完整,不良或失能的原生父母、家庭氣氛冷淡、親子互動疏離、缺乏陪伴與監督。再者,就學後,家庭的薄弱社會鍵問題,持續帶入了學校生活中,少年產生課業落後、不做功課、對學業成就期待低迷、上課不專心、師生互動不良,與學校同學交往平淡的現象,進而造成厭學與逃離學校或教室的行為。這種種舉動都呈現薄弱社會鍵的情況。
二、性侵害行為發展歷程,同時必須考量性探索與不良生活型態所帶來的犯罪與被害機會。
三、性侵害行為發生,必須考量情境與被害標的物挑選等因素的影響。少年性侵害案件被害人,多半是身邊認識的人,且呈現「大欺小」與「眾暴寡」的特性。即使是性侵害陌生人的重大案件,未必事先有所準備與規劃,多數少年性侵害案件是意外插曲下的產物。由此可知,少年犯罪的決定,並非是謹慎與小心的。
四、少年性侵害者是個異質性高的群體。是故,對少年性侵害行為發展歷程發現有不同的路徑存在。根據研究結果,將少年性侵害行為發展歷程分為二大不同類型。一為初嘗禁果性侵型;另一為不良生活型態性侵型。在不良生活型態性侵型,又再區分為三個不同的次類型,分別為性探索型、被害型與犯罪型等。
在相關研究建議如下:
一、 維繫良好婚姻與健全家庭功能,親子陪伴與監督的重要性。
二、 學校必須補強課業落後學生與高風險兒童之辨識與輔導。
三、 性教育之課程安排有是早之必要性。
四、 注意少年家暴與疏忽問題,更積極去處理少年深夜在外遊蕩的問題。
五、 加強網咖管理與業者責任。
六、 強化宣揚身體自主權觀念,遇到不良碰觸情況,要適時說「不」與反應。
七、 偵辦與查覺偏態性行為案件,加強偵查與通報的機制。
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