目的：是以高齡高脂飼養的動物模式來探討有氧訓練對其心肺功能與結構的影響。方法：以平均年齡約22月齡的小鼠12隻為實驗材料，將其隨機分派為（一）高脂飲食運動、（二）高脂飲食、（三）標準飲食運動、（四）標準飲食等四組，先進行心臟超音波與最大攝氧量的前測實驗，經8週實驗處理後，再進行後測，藉此探討各組小鼠心臟結構與心肺功能之變化，實驗所得數據以SPSS 18.0統計軟體進行成對樣本T檢定與二因子變異數分析。結果：（一）在射血分數（EF）與左心室縮短率（FS）方面：高脂飲食運動組（HFD+EX）與標準飲食運動組（SD+EX）無顯著差異，但在標準飲食組（SD）與高脂飲食組（HFD）則顯著下降；（二）在左心室收縮內徑（IDs）與左心室收縮末期容積（ESV）方面：HFD組與SD組則顯著上升，但HFD+EX組與SD+EX組則無顯著差異；（三）在左心室質量（LVM）方面：HFD+EX組與HFD組顯著上升，但SD+EX組與SD組則無顯著差異；（四）在收縮期相對心室壁厚度（RWTs）方面：SD組顯著下降，但在其餘組別則無顯著差異；（五）在最大攝氧量方面：不管是高脂飲食運動組（HFD+EX）還是標準飲食運動組（SD+EX），其前測與後測值並無顯著差異，而不運動的兩組（HFD、SD）其最大攝氧量則發現有顯著性衰退；此外，將四組的前測與後測數據之改變幅度比較後，發現飲食模式與運動訓練這兩個因子會交互影響左心室收縮內徑（IDs）及收縮末期容積（ESV）的改變幅度，在標準飲食模式條件中，有氧運動訓練可減少小鼠IDs與ESV的容積，而高脂飲食模式會造成運動訓練的小鼠ESV容積的上升。結論：有氧運動訓練可以延緩高齡小鼠心臟收縮功能的衰退，而高脂飲食會進一步造成心臟結構的變化，然而雖然有氧運動訓練無法預防高脂飲食所帶來的心臟結構性的改變，但仍可減緩部分心臟收縮與心肺功能的衰退的情況。

Purpose: The study was to investigate the effects of aerobic training on the cardiac structure and cardiopulmonary function in aging mice with high-fat diet breeding. Method: Twelve C57BL/6J-CBA hybrid mice were selected and randomly divided into four groups, Standard diet (SD), Standard diet + Exercise (SD+EX), High fat diet (HFD), and High fat diet + Exercise (HFD +EX). The mice of exercise groups were received aerobic training 5 days per week, 50 minutes each day for 8 weeks. The variables of cardiac structure and cardiopulmonary function of all groups were measured before and after 8 weeks of intervention. The collected data were analyzed with a paired sample t test and a two-way ANOVA using SPSS 18.0. Results: After 8 weeks of intervention, there was no significant change in ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) in HFD+EX and SD+EX, but significant declines were found in SD and HFD. For interior dimension systolic (IDs), and end-systolic volume (ESV), no significant changes were observed in SD+EX and HFD+EX but significant increase in other groups. For left ventricular mass (LVM), no significant change was observed in SD+EX and SD groups, but a significant increase in HFD+EX and HFD groups. For relative ventricular wall thickness systolic (RWTs), no significant change was observed in other three groups but significant decrease in SD group. At last, VO_2max was no significant change in the pre-measure and the post-measure in HFD+EX and SD+EX groups, but a significant change in HFD and SD groups. In addition, after comparing the changes of the pre-test and post-test data of the four groups, it was found that the dietary pattern and exercise training can interact the effect of changes in left ventricular systolic inner diameters (IDs) and end-systolic volume (ESV). In the standard diet mode, aerobic training can improve the increase of IDs and ESV in mice, while high-fat diet mode can increase ESV in exercise-trained mice. Conclusion: High-fat diet can cause decay in heart structure of the elderly mice but aerobic training can slow down the deterioration in cardiac function. Although aerobic exercise training cannot prevent high-fat diet induced pathological alterations in cardiac structure, it can Ameliorates some of the decrease in cardiac systolic function.