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題名：一歲至三歲幼兒依附行為量表之編製
書刊名：中華心理學刊
作者：黃惠玲／吳英璋 引用關係
作者(外文)：Huang, Huei-lin／Wu, En-Chang
出版日期：1992
卷期：34
頁次：頁9-27
主題關鍵詞：幼兒；依附行為；量表編製
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(7) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:7
  • 共同引用共同引用:16
  • 點閱點閱:154
兒童之依附行爲發展的重要時期是一歲至三歲左右。傳統測量依附行爲的方法是陌生情境測示法，此法費時費事，不品收集大量資料。本研究最重要的目的是編製依附行爲量表，以便以後進行研究。本研究報告分三部份。研究一之目的是建立依附行爲量表， 以90%以上親子會經歷的日常生活互動活動爲量表題目，受試對象是由高雄市五區衞生所及一所醫院記載資料隨機取樣而來，共有329人，均是有一足歲至三足歲十一個月大小孩的家庭主婦；依附行爲量表做因素分析，可得三個因素，解釋總變異量約爲26.4%; 依附行爲量表的內部一致性介於.80 至. 91之問。一個月再測信度爲.65 至.73之間，一年穩定度為.48至.51之間，均具顯著性(p<.05) 。研究二之目的爲探討依附行爲量表之建構效度，研究對象是41對母親與小孩，受試小孩的年齡介於一足歲至一足歲十一個月大，以陌生情境測示法進行；結果顯示依附行爲暈表具有建構效度，安全依附因素代表幼兒以正向行爲或正向需求謅近媽媽，逃避因素代表幼兒以負向行爲或負向需求遠避媽媽，曖昧因素代表在壓力情境中（例如陌生人在場、到陌生地方、分離情境等）幼兒以正向行爲或正向需求趨近媽媽，而曖昧分數越低代表安全堡壘效應越強。研究三之目的是探討依附行爲與母親特質、小孩特質的關係，受試樣本與研究一相同，結果顯示母親特質方面，小孩越黏母親，母親的分離焦慮也越高，而母親因就業引發的分離焦慮會隨小孩的年齡而有不同的影響；小孩氣質特徵方面，安全依附因素與易養型（易謅性、適應度高、情緒本質愉快等）有膈連，遠避因素與難養型（規律性低、易避性、適應疲低、情緒本質不愈快等）有關連，而曖昧因素與氣質類型關係不明確。木硏究並討論依附行爲量表未來可進行的研究方向。
The purpose of the present research was to develop an attachment scale. In study1, the Attachment Scale was developed with items which a recomposed of interactive activities between mother and children in daily life. The subjects were 329 mothers who had one to three years old children, and who took care of their own children during the day by themselves for more than 5 hours everyday. Three factors were obtained by principal component analysis, and the total variance explained was about 26.4%. The Cronbach's as were .80- .91. The 1 month test-retest reliabilities were .65-.73. The stabilities of 1 year was .48- .51. All of these coefficients were statistically significant( P<.05) Study 2 was designed to investigate the construct validity of the Attachment Scale. The subjects were 41 dyads of mother and child, and all of the children were 1 year old. These dyads were tested by the Ainsworth' s strange situation procedure. We got 3 factors: secure factor—young children approach to their mother; avoidant factor- young children avoid from their mother; and, ambivalent factor-young children approach to their mother under stress situation( i.e. stranger, unfamiliar place, separation etc.), and the lower the ambivalent score, the stronger the secure base effect. Study 3 was to investigate the relationship between attachment and the situation or type of mother and children. Subjects were the same as study 1. The findings were that, the mothers' separation anxiety was in proportion to her child's attachment to her; and that, concerning the temperament, the secure factor was associated with easy child( approach, adapt, good mood etc.); the avoidant factor was associated with difficult child( irregularity, avoidant, maladapt, negative mood etc.); and, the ambivalent fact or wasn't associated with the temperament type. Furthermore, the future researches with the Attachment Scale were discussed.
期刊論文
1.Izard, C. E.、Porges, S. W.、Simons, R. F.、Hyde, C.、Parisi, M.、Cohen, B.(1991)。Infant cardiac activity: Developmental changes and relations with attachment。Developmental Psychology，27(3)，432-439。  new window
2.Jacobson, J. L.、Willie, D. E.(1986)。The influence of attachment pattern on developmental changes in peer interaction from the toddler to the preschool period。Child Development，57，338-347。  new window
3.Belsky, J.、Rovine, M.(1987)。Temperament and attachment security in the strange situation: an empirical rapprochement。Child Development，58，787-795。  new window
4.Sroufe, L. A.、Waters, E.(1977)。Attachment as an organizational construct。Child Development，48(4)，1184-1199。  new window
5.Hock, E.、Gnezda, M. T.、McBride, S. L.(1989)。Maternal Separation Anxiety: Mother-Infant Separation from the Maternal Perspective。Child Development，60(4)，793-802。  new window
6.Sroufe, L. A.、Fox, N. E.、Pancake, V. R.(1983)。Attachment and dependency in developmental perspective。Child Development，54(6)，1615-1627。  new window
7.Lieberman, A. F.、Weston, D. R.、Pawl, J. H.(1991)。Preventive intervention and outcome with anxiously attached dyads。Child Development，62，199-209。  new window
8.Pipp, S.、Harmon, R. J.(1987)。Attachment as regulation: A commentary。Child Development，58，648-652。  new window
9.Fox, N. A.、Kimmerly, N. L.、Schafer, W. D.(1991)。Attachment to Mother/Attachment to Father: A Meta-Analysis。Child Development，62(1)，210-225。  new window
10.Cassidy, J.(1988)。Child-mother attachment and the self in six-year-olds。Child Development，59(1)，121-134。  new window
11.Barnett, B.、Blignault, I.、Holmes, S.、Payne, A.、Parker, G.(1987)。Quality of attachment in a sample of 1-year-old Australian children。American Academic Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry，26(3)，303-307。  new window
12.Carey, W. B.(1970)。A simplified method for measuring infant temperament。Journal of Pediatrics，77(2)，188-194。  new window
13.Field, T.(1987)。Interaction and attachment in normal and atypical infants。Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology，55(6)，853-859。  new window
14.Grossmann, K.、Gottfried, S.、Gerhards, S.、Lothar, U.(1985)。Maternal sensitivity and newborns' orientation responses as related to quality of attachment in northern Germany。Monograph of the Society for Research in Child Development，50(1/2)，233-256。  new window
15.Cicchetti, D.(1987)。Developmental psychopathology in infancy: illustration from the study of maltreated youngsters。Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology，55(6)，837-845。  new window
16.Isabella, R. A.、Belsky, J.(1991)。Interactional synchrony and the origins of infant mother attachment: A replication study。Child Development，62(2)，373-384。  new window
17.Lamb, M. E.(1987)。Predictive implications of individual differences in attachment。Jaurnal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology，55(6)，817-824。  new window
18.Masters, J.、Wellman, H.(1974)。The Study of Human Infant Attachment: A Procedural Critique。Psychological Bulletin，81(4)，218-237。  new window
19.Plunkett, J. W.、Meisels, S. J.、Stiefel, G. S.、Pasick, P. L.、Roloff, D. W.(1986)。Patterns of attachment among preterm infants of varying biological risk。Journal of the American Academy of Child and adolescent Psychiatry，25(6)，794-800。  new window
20.Sagi, A.、Lamb, M. E.、Lewkowicz, K. S.、Shoham, R.、Dvir, R. S.、Estes, D.(1985)。Security of Infant-Mother, -Father, and -Metapelet Attachments among Kibbutz-Reared Israeli Children。Monograph of the Society for Research in Child Development，50(1/2)=209，257-275。  new window
21.Wasserman, G. A.、Lennon, M. C.、Allen, R.、Shilansky, M.(1987)。Contributors to Attachment in Normal and Physically Handicapped Infants。Journal of American Academic Child and Adolescent Psychiatry，26(1)，9-15。  new window
22.Sroufe, L. A.(1985)。Attachment classification from the perspective of infant-caregiver relationships and infant temperament。Child Development，56(1)，1-14。  new window
23.Waters, E.(1978)。The Reliability and Stability of Individual Differences in Infant-Mother Attachment。Child Development，49(2)，483-494。  new window
24.Waters, E.、Wippman, J.、Sroufe, L. A.(1979)。Attachment, positive affect, and competence in the peer group: Two studies in construct validation。Child Development，50(3)，821-829。  new window
25.王雅琴、李淑絹(19870200)。高雄市三民區幼兒氣質特徵之研究。高雄醫學科學雜誌，3(2)，111-120。  延伸查詢new window
26.Goldsmith, H. H.、Alansky, Jennifer A.(1987)。Maternal and Infant Temperamental Predictors of Attachment: A Meta-Analytic Review。Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology，55(6)，805-816。  new window
27.蘇建文、丁心平、許錦雲(19900600)。陌生情境中嬰兒行為及其依附類型研究初探。教育心理學報，23，49-70。new window  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.林淑玲(1992)。職業婦女親子分離焦慮之相關研究(博士論文)。國立政治大學。new window  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Bowlby, John(1951)。Maternal Care and Mental Health。Geneva：World Health Organization。  new window
2.Ainsworth, M. D. S.、Blehar, M.、Waters, E.、Wall, S.(1978)。Patterns of attachment。Hillsdale, NJ：Ealbaum。  new window
3.Bowlby, J.(1969)。Attachment and loss: Vol. I: Attachment。London：The Hogarth Press。  new window
4.Bowlby, J.(1978)。Attachment and loss: Vol. I: Attachment。Penguin Education。  new window
5.Bowlby, J.(1973)。Attachment and loss: Vol. II. Separation: Anxiety and anger。London：The Hogarth Press。  new window
6.Bowlby, J.(1975)。Attachment and loss: Vol. II. Separation: Anxiety and anger。Pelican Books。  new window
圖書論文
1.Spielberger, C. D.(1972)。Anxiety as an emotional state。Anxiety: Current trends in theory and research。New York, NY：Academic Press。  new window
2.Main, M.、Kaplan, N.、Cassidy, J.(1985)。Security in Infancy, Childhood, and Adulthood: A Move to the Level of Representation。Growing points of attachment theory and research。  new window
3.Ainsworth, M. D. S.、Wittig, B. A.(1969)。Attachment and exploratory behavior of one-year-olds in a strange situation。Determinants of infant behaviour。London, England：Methuen & Co Ltd。  new window
4.Ainsworth, M. D. S.、Bell, S. M.、Stayton, D. J.(1971)。Individual differences in strange situation behavior of one-year-olds。The origins of human social relations。London：Academic Press。  new window
5.Maccoby, E. E.、Martin, J. A.(1983)。Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction。Socialization, Personality and Social Development。New York：John Willey & Sons。  new window
6.Rutter, M.(1979)。Attachment and the development of social relationships。Scientific Foundations of Developmental Psychiatry。  new window
7.Tavecchio, L. W. C.、Ijzendoorn, M. H. V.(1987)。Perceived security and extension of the child's rearing context: A parent report approach。Attachment in social networks。Elsevier Science Publisher。  new window
 
 
 
 
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