母親的依附經驗、教養方式與學前兒童依附關係之相關研究_

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題名：	母親的依附經驗、教養方式與學前兒童依附關係之相關研究
書刊名：	教育心理學報
作者：	蘇建文／龔美娟
出版日期：	1994
卷期：	27
頁次：	頁1-33
主題關鍵詞：	依附經驗；教養方式；學前子女；安全依附；Attachment experience；Child-rearing behavior；Preschool children；Security attachment
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(12) 博士論文(2) 專書(0) 專書論文(1) 排除自我引用:12 共同引用:646 點閱:38

　　　　　本研究主要目的有四：(1)探討受試母親幼年的依附經驗，目前的教養行為，以及其學前子女依附品質三變項之間的相互關係；(2)採討高、低安全依附類型的受試幼兒，其母親的依附經驗與教養方式是否有顯著的差異；{3}探討受試幼兒的依附安全分數，是否經由母親幼年的依附經驗，及目前教養方式的影響之線性模式考驗；(4)探討依附Q-set研究工具在我國的適用性。本研究的受試為80名母親及其學前年齡的子女，子女的年齡在3.0－5.0歲之間。本研究以母親－父親－友伴量表(mother-father-peer scale,Epstein,1983)測量受試母親幼年的依附經驗，以親子關係問卷及母親教養行為量表測量受試母親目前的教養行為，並前往受試家中以依附Q-set(Waters,1989)為觀察工具，測量受試幼兒的依附安全分數。本研究之主要結果如下： 1.本研究受試母親的依附經驗，包括回憶母親對其「鼓勵獨立vs過度保護」、「接納vs拒絕」與「將母親理想化」的程度，以及回憶父親對其「鼓勵獨立vs過度保護」、「接納vs拒絕」與「將父親理想化」的程度。研究結果顯示：受試母親依附經驗各變項之間大多呈正相關存在。 2.本研究受試母親的教養方式，包括「親子關係問卷」中「控制性」、「敏感性」、「接納性」、「教導性」、以及「易近性」各分量表，與「母親教養行為量表」中之分量表「鼓勵獨立vs過度保護」、「接納vs拒絕」。研究結果顯示：除了「控制性」與「教導性」之間有負相關之外，其餘各變項之間大多呈正相關存在。 3.受試母親的依附經驗與其教養方式之相關分析結果顯示：除了教養方式之分量表「控制性」與受試母親的依附經驗之間有負相關之外，其餘各變項之間大多呈正相關存在。 4.受試母親的依附經驗與其教養方式及受試幼兒安全分數三者之間的相關分析結果顯示：三者之間各變項亦多呈正相關存在。 5.為了探討不同依附類型之受試幼兒，其母親的依附經驗與教養方式是否有差異存在？乃將80位受試幼兒在「依附Q-set」上的得分依照其安全分數位於平均數上下一個標準差以外的標準將受試幼兒分為「高安全型依附」及「低安全型依附」兩種依附類型，共得「高安全型依附」的受試幼兒12人，「低安全型依附」的受試幼兒14人。進行多變項異數分析結果顯示：就整體效果而言，本研究兩種依附類型的受試幼兒，其母親在回憶童年與自己母親輿自己父親的依附經驗上，有顯著差異存在。而就個別變項而言，t考驗結果顯示：在回憶母親部份，在「接納vs拒絕」與「將母親理想化」此兩變項上，不同依附類型受試幼兒的母親達顯著差異；在回憶父親部份，在「鼓勵獨立vs過度保護」、「接納vs拒絕」與「將父親理想化」三個變項上，不同依附類型受試幼兒的母親均達顯著差異。不同依附類型的受試幼兒，其母親的教養方式中，親子關係問卷部份的整體效果並未達顯著，而在母親教養行為量表部份的整體效果亦未達顯著，此結果顯示：本研究兩種依附類型的受試幼兒，其母親在教養方式上是沒有差異的。本研究進一步將受試母親的依附經驗與其教養方式及學前子女的依附關係三者之間的關聯性，以線性結構分析模式進行考驗，結果顯示：母親的依附經驗會對下一代子女的安全依附有直接的影響，並不需要透過母親對子女的教養方式。而且這種直接影響，在整體效果上來看，回憶父親方面的依附經驗要比回憶母親方面的依附經驗來得顯著。但是在對母親教養方式的影響力上，整體而言，則是回憶母親方面的依附經驗要比回憶父親方面的依附經驗來得顯著。所以由以上的結果可知，親子關係問卷與母親教養行為量表中所測的教養方式，並非母親依附經驗與下一代子女安全依附之中介變項變。針對上述之研究發現，本研究提出對「依附Q-set」之討論並提出一些建議以為未來進一步研究之方向。

以文找文

　　　　　The main purposes of this study are mainly four. They are firstly to explore the correlations between mothers' childhood attachment experiences, child-rearing behavior and their preschoolers' attachment quality; secondly to study the differences of mothers' attachment experiences and child-rearing behavior between high security attached and low security attached children; thirdly to explore whether children's security score is influenced by mothers' childhood attachment experiences and their existing child-rearing pattern analyzed by LISREL Model, and finally to explore the suitability of Waters's method of measurement of attachment of the preschool children named "attachment Q-set". The subjects of this study are 80 three to five year-old children and their mothers. Instruments used in this study are: "Mother-father-peer scale" (Epstein, 1983) which is used to assess mothers' childhood attachment experiences. "Dyad relationship questionnaire'' and "Mothers' child-rearing behavior scale" are used to assess mothers' child-rearing pattern. And "Attachment Q-set" (Waters, 1989) is used to assess children's attachment security score. Results of this study are as follows: 1. Mothers' childhood attachment experiences, including maternal "independence-encouragement vs overprotection" "acceptance vs rejection" and "maternal idealization" and paternal "independence-encouragement vs overprotection", "acceptance vs rejection" and "paternal idealization", are significantly correlated with each other. 2. Mothers' child-rearing pattern, including subscale "control", "sensitivity", "acceptance", "guidance", "accessibility" from "Dyad relationship questionnaire" and subscale "independence-encouragement vs overprotection" and "acceptance vs rejection" from "mothers' childrearing behavior scale", are significantly correlated with each other except a negative correlation is found bem, een subscale "control" and subscale' guidance". 3. Almost all variables of mothers' attachment experiences are significantly correlated with the variables of their child-rearing pattern except a negative correction with subscale "control". 4. Almost all variables of mothers' attachment experiences are significantly correlated with their child-rearing pattern and their children's security scores. 5. In order to exploraing significant difference existed between mothers' attachment experiences, child-rearing pattern of different security attached children, 80 children are diveded into "high secur attached'' and "low secur attached" groups according to the sample mean of' their security score got from "Attachment Q-set" above or below 1 standard deviation. There were 12 children classified "high securety attached'' and 14 children classified "low securety attached". Multiple variable analysis has shown that on the whole, there is a significant difference existed in the mothers' childhood memory with their own mother and father. T-test result has also shown specific variables within mothers' attachment experiences have significant differences between high or low secure groups. They are maternal "acceptance vs rejection" and "maternal idealization", paternal "independence-encouragement vs overprotection", "acceptance vs rejection" and "paternal idealization", respectively. 6. No significant difference is existed in the mothers' child-rearing pattern between the high and low secure attached children. 7. Data obtained in this study are further analyzed by LISREL (linear structural relationships) for understanding the relationships among mothers' childhood attachment experiences, their child-rearing pattern and children's security of' attachment. The result has shown that mothers' attachment experiences has direct influence on their children's security of' attachment, need not through mothers' currsect child-rearing paternal. Besides, the direct influence, on the whole effect, parental attachment experiences is more important than maternal of attachment experiences. But on the influence of child-rearing pattern, it seems that mothers' attachment experiences toward her own mother has more important influence than that toward her own father. According to the results, mothers' child-rearing pattern the seems not to be a mediate variable between mother's attachment experiences and their children's security of' attachment. Based on these results, some implications about "Attachment Q-set" are discussed and suggestions or future research are also proposed.

以文找文

期刊論文
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會議論文
1.	Jacobvitz, D.、Morgan, E.、Kretchmar, M.、Morgan, Y.(1991)。Parenting across three generations: The development of maternal empathy。The bianniel meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development in Seattle。
2.	Lichtenstein, J.(1991)。The Inventory of Adult Attachment: Validation of a new measure。The biennial meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development。Seattle, WA。

研究報告
1.	黃惠玲(1989)。一歲至三歲的依附行為模式（第一年報告）。高雄市：高雄醫學院心理學系。延伸查詢
2.	蘇建文(1992)。幼兒與母親間依附關係與其學校社會能力表現之研究。台北市：國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系。延伸查詢

學位論文
1.	Main, M.(1973)。Play, Exploration and competence as related to child-adult attachment(博士論文)。Johns Hopkins University。
2.	丁心平(1989)。陌生情境下嬰兒行為及其依附類型之研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。延伸查詢
3.	Ricks, M. H.(1983)。Indivisdual differences in the preschoolers' competence: Contributions of attachment history and concurrent environmental support(博士論文)。University of Massachusetts--Amberst。
4.	黃凱倫(1991)。幼兒與母親依附關係及其社會行為之研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。延伸查詢
5.	陳淑惠(1991)。母親就業與否親子互動行為與子女社會行為(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學。延伸查詢

圖書
1.	Kagan, J.(1982)。Psychological research on the human infant: An evaluative summary。New York：W. T. Grant。
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4.	Ainsworth, M. D. S.、Bell, M. C.、Waters, E.、Wall, S.(1978)。Patterns of attachment: Observations in the strange situation and at home。Hillsdale, N. J.：Erlbaum。
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8.	George, C.、Kaplan, N.、Main, M.(1985)。The Berkeley Adult Attachment Interview。Berkeley：Department of Psychology, University of California。
9.	Kobak, R. R.、Cole, H. E.、Ferenz-Gillies, R.、Fleming, W.、Gamble, W.(1991)。A dimensional analysis of adolescent attachment strategies。Department of Psychology, University of Delaware。
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單篇論文
1.	Epstein, S.(1983)。The Mother-Father-Peer Scale，University of Massachusetts--Amherst。

其他
1.	Waters, E.(1989)。Revision 3.0 of the Attachment Behavior Q-sort，Department of Psychology, SUNY at Stony Brook。

圖書論文
1.	蘇建文(1991)。社會依附行為的發展。發展心理學。台北市：心理出版社。延伸查詢
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8.	Grossmann, K. E.、Grossmann, K.(1991)。Attachment quality as an organizer of emotional and behavioral responses in a longitudinal perspective。Attachment across the life cycle。London：Tavistock/Routledge。
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11.	Main, M.(1991)。Metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive monitoring, and singular (coherent) vs. multiple (incoherent) model of attachment: Findings and directions forfutrue research。Attachment across the life cycle。London：New York：Tavistock/Routledge。
12.	Thompson, R. A.、Lamb, M.(1984)。Continuity and changes in socioemotional development during the second year。Continuities and discontinuities in development。New York：Harper & Row。
13.	Sroufe, L. A.、Fleeson, J.。Attachment and the construction of relationships。The nature and development of relatuionships。Hillsdale, NJ：Erlbaum。
14.	Tronick, E.、Ricks, M.、Cohn, J.(1982)。Maternal and infant affective exchange: Patterns of adaptation。Emotion and early interaction。Erlbaum。
15.	Grossmann, K. E.、Grossmann, K.、Spangler, G.、Suess, G.、Unzner, L.(1985)。Maternal sensitivity and newborns' orientation responses as related to quality of attachment in Northern Germany。Growing point of attachment theory and research。
16.	Main, M.、Kaplan, N.、Cassidy, J.(1985)。Security in infancy, childhood, and adulthood: A move to the level of representation。Growing points of attachment theory and research。
17.	Ricks, M. H.(1985)。The social transmission of parental behavior: Attachment across generations。Growing points of attachment theory and research。
18.	Sagi, A.、Lamb, M. E.、Lewkowicz, K. S.、Shoham, R.、Dvir, R.、Estes, D.(1985)。Security of infant-mother, -father, and -metapelet attachments among kibbutzreared Israeli children。Growing points of attachment theory and research。
19.	Waters, E.、Deane, K. E.(1985)。Defining and assessing individual differences in attachment relationships: Q-methodology and the organization of behavior in infancy and early childhood。Growing points of attachment theory and research。

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8.	以居民觀點探討貴州遵義紅軍山發展生態旅遊之可行性研究
9.	「創新創業競賽」與「問題導向式學習」融入「行銷管理專題」課程教育成效之PDCAF行動研究
10.	高中資訊科技教科書資訊科學史內容分析
11.	探討軍校學生在疫情時期實施遠距教學之效益與滿意度--以「大陸問題研究課程」為例
12.	以方法目的鏈探討中高齡者使用LINE之因素
13.	2018、2019年世界競技體操錦標賽臺灣選手成績與2020年東京奧林匹克運動會參賽資格的關係
14.	第七屆金門縣長選舉選民投票行為之研究
15.	休閒咖啡館創新經營之研究

1.	府際治理與協作關係之探討~以2017臺北世界大學運動會國際學術研討會為例
2.	香港社會運動的跨媒體議題設定之研究--以2014年雨傘運動為例
3.	習近平時期對東協區域軍事外交之研究-以現實建構主義觀點
4.	創造性探究教學模組對高中社團學生科學探究能力、科學創造力與科學學習動機之影響
5.	國小學生同儕關係之調查研究：Piaget社會認知論的應用
6.	我國防制電信詐騙執行策略之研究：全球治理之觀點
7.	從供應鏈的供/需驅動與策略觀點去建構共享基礎經濟之分類架構
8.	Noddings關懷、關係概念在教學上的蘊義：一位資深小學教師體現關懷之自我敘說探究
9.	台灣不動產開發商跨區投資開發研究-新竹個案研究
10.	產業網絡之創新政策--以台灣電動車為例
11.	中華民國與拉丁美洲友邦國家軍事教育交流之研究
12.	高中運動員依附風格與教練選手關係之相關研究：依附關係的中介效果及安全堡壘支持的調節機制
13.	電信詐欺犯罪模式與防制對策之研究─以通訊網路匯流為核心
14.	投資者對公司無形資產之認知及對投資意願之影響
15.	我國公務人員保障事件決定之研究—以1997年至2012年公務人員保障事件為例

1.	臺灣民眾的媒體選擇與統獨立場
2.	人權防衛論：刑事政策新思潮
3.	中山華僑政策與臺灣國際宣傳之研究
4.	東南亞華人文化傳承之研究：以柬埔寨王國為例
5.	合作學習STAD模式對排球學習成效、動機及滿意度之探討
6.	獨立與自由：陳寅恪論學
7.	客家傳播理論與實證
8.	學校生活社會學
9.	工會之研究：以美國、日本與中華民國為例
10.	社區權力結構與社區發展功能
11.	臺灣原住民老人福利政策之研究 : 多元文化主義觀點的檢視
12.	行政現代化的迷思 : 全球化下臺灣行政發展面臨的挑戰
13.	兩岸德育與意識型態
14.	教科書政治意識型態分析 : 兩岸國(初)中歷史教科書比較
15.	競選廣告 : 理論、策略、研究案例

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