帛書《易傳》記載了大量孔子的言教，反映了孔子晚年的哲學思想和他的易學思想是一體而兩面。本文即因孔子哲學思想的明朗化而從源頭處重構儒家的心性學說。帛書《易傳》載孔子言「本性仁義」之語，關係到心性之學的發展至鉅，本文特證此語為孔子之言。孔子的天道觀，通天人為一體，義理恢弘，後繼之子思與孟子，皆未之能及。筆者就孔子的人生智慧，特別是性與天道的問題，藉《易傳》的重新定位而彰顯出心性之學開創時的弘規。

　　　　　Yizhuan in Silk Manuscripts has a great deal of record of Confucius' teaching which reveals the dual aspects of Confucius' thoughts in his advanced years, viz. Confucius' philosophical thought originating from his interpretation of I Ching. This paper attempts to restructure the development of the doctrine of the Mind and the Nature of Man of Confucianism in the Pre-Ch'in period. According to Yizhuan in Silk Manuscripts, Confucius says "being benevolent and righteous is the nature of man". The author tries to substantiate that this is the record of Confucius' teaching. Confucius' philosophical thought on the Way of the Heaven is so great in philosophical structure that he is unsurpassed even by his followers like Zisi and Mencius. Finally, the discussion will conclude that Confucius is the person who initiated the doctrine of the Hind and the Nature of Man.