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| 2. | Bowers, C. A.、Flinders, David J.(1990)。Responsive Teaching: An Ecological Approach to Classroom Patterns of Language, Culture, and Thought.。New York。 |
| 3. | Bowers, C. A.(1987)。Elements of a Post-Liberal Theory of Education。New York, NY：Teachers College Press。 |
| 4. | Goodman, Nelson(1976)。Languages of Art: an Approach to a Theory of Symbols。Hackett Publishing Company, Inc.。 |
| 5. | Lakoff, George、Johnson, Mark、Chou, Shizhen(1980)。Metaphors We Live By。University of Chicago Press。 |
| 6. | Beardsley, Monroe C.(1981)。Aesthetics: Problems in the philosophy of criticism。Hackett Publishing Co., Inc.。 |
| 7. | Ausubel, David Paul(1968)。Educational Psychology: a cognitive view。New York：Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.。 |
| 8. | Johnson, Mark(1987)。The Body in the Mind: The Bodily Basis of Meaning, Imagination, and Reason。University of Chicago Press。 |
| 9. | Bandura, Albert、Walters, Richard H.(1963)。Social Learning and Personality Development。Holt, Rinehart and Winston。 |
| 10. | Bloom, Benjamin S.、Engelhart, Max D.、Furst, Edward J.、Hill, Walker H.、Krathwohl, David R.(1956)。Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Handbook I: Cognitive Domain。David Mckay Co.。 |
| 11. | Beardsley, Monroe Curtis(1967)。Metaphor。The Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Vol. 7)。New York。 |
| 12. | Black, Max(1978)。How metaphors work: A reply to Donald Davidson。On Metaphor。Chicago and London。 |
| 13. | Bowers, C. A.(1988)。The Cultural Dimensions of Educational Computing:Understanding the Non-Neutrality of Technology.。The Cultural Dimensions of Educational Computing:Understanding the Non-Neutrality of Technology.。New York。 |
| 14. | Bowers, C. A.(1993)。Critical Essays on Educations, Modernity, and the Recovery of the Ecological Imperative.。Critical Essays on Educations, Modernity, and the Recovery of the Ecological Imperative.。New York。 |
| 15. | Cohen, Ted(1978)。Metaphor and the cultivation of intimacy。On Metaphor。Chicago。 |
| 16. | Davidson, Donald(1978)。What metaphors mean。On Metaphor.。Chicago。 |
| 17. | Gagne, R. M.(1970)。The Conditions of Learning。The Conditions of Learning。New York。 |
| 18. | Gagne, R. M.(1975)。Essentials of Learning for Instruction.。Essentials of Learning for Instruction.。Hinsdale, Ill。 |
| 19. | Ortony, Andrew(1993)。Metapher, language, and thought。Metaphor and Thought。Cambridge/New York。 |