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題名：親子觀眾在科學博物館恐龍廳中之參觀偏好、口語互動與行為特性之研究
書刊名：科學教育學刊
作者：靳知勤 引用關係
作者(外文)：Chin, Chi-chin
出版日期：1998
卷期：6:1
頁次：頁1-29
主題關鍵詞：親子；科學博物館；學習情境；科學學習；非制式教育；Family group；Informal learning environment；Science learning；Science museum；Museum study
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(16) 博士論文(2) 專書(1) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:16
  • 共同引用共同引用:54
  • 點閱點閱:47
　　　　　本研究旨在藉質性研究法，運用科學博物館中恐龍廳之非制式學習情境，探討親子觀眾於其中所顯現的參觀學習特性、對不同類型展示的參觀偏好、親子觀眾和展示品間互動的行為類型及其發生頻率、以及成員間之語言互動內涵等項目。研究結果顯示親子觀眾的參觀重點集中於以操作式、演劇模擬式及影片武展示為主的核心項目，並配合以若干靜態展示，組成整個參觀行程，故在參觀動線組合上具有多樣化呈現的現象。親子觀眾與各展示間發生直接互動之時間僅略多於總停留時間之半，其中的口語互動及進階參觀行為之誘發，深受展示品在設計時所欲表露之意涵及其呈現方式的影響。由於親輩多未具備專業性之知識，故其口語說明多屬直接告訴子輩所參觀項目的名稱；或依面板文字以適合子輩發展階段的用語或擬人化語句加以描述。此外，在參觀方法方面的導引，涵蓋較少。親輩主動以發問引導及討論的型式，則未具顯著地位。 由親子參觀團體在恐龍展示廳的動線多樣化呈現，顯示科學博物館得能提供其殊途學習組合與設定多元學習目標的特性。作者綜合定義此種能夠提供這兩個特性的學習情境為組合型學習情境(Organizable leaming environment)；本研究於文末亦分別就科學博物館、學校教師以及學生家長等三方面，提出建議。
　　　　　This study explored family groups' informal learning experiences at a science museum. It was specifically designed to investigate: (1) their visiting behaviors, (2) their preferences for exhibit styles, and (3) their verbal communications among group members while visiting a dinosaur gallery. The result showed that films, hands-on, and simulative exhibits established much more attracting power (AP) and holding power (HP) through the gallery than static exhibits. Family groups utilized their own visiting track patterns through the gallery based mainly on "core exhibits" and a few static exhibits. Therefore, family groups could experience diverse track patterns upon return visits. The average time period family spend interacting with exhibits was 60%. This ratio indicates that the nature of the visit was reIatively unstructured. This study also found the frequency of verbal communications and the advanced visiting behaviors were induced by the special representations embedded in the exhibits. Because the parents, like most of the public, were relatively un-informed about the concepts in the exhibits they usually told their children the names for the exhibits or gave explanations based on the text provided paraphrased to the developmental stage of their children. Interactive strategies like questioning and discussion were rarely used. Based on the findings of study, this article provided recommendations for science museums, school teachers and parents to utilize the informal science settings more effectively.
期刊論文
1.Dierking, L. D.、Falk, J. H.(1994)。Family behavior and learning in informal science settings: A review of the research。Science Education，78(1)，57-72。  new window
2.Blud, L. M.(1990)。Social Interaction and Learning among Family Groups Visiting a Museum。Museum Management and Curatorship，9(1)，43-51。  new window
3.Alt, M. B.(1980)。Four Years Visitor Surveys at the British Museum (Natural History) 1976-1979。Museum Journal，80，10-19。  new window
4.Solomon, Joan(1987)。Social Influences on the Construction of Pupils' Understanding of Science。Studies of Science Education，14，63-82。  new window
5.李春生(1993)。灌輸恐龍知識時勿忘學生推理能力的培養。科學教育月刊，165，14-21。  延伸查詢new window
6.ASTC Newsletter(1994)。Informal Science Education Efforts on Rise, but Their Impact Remains Unclear, Study Suggests。ASTC Newsletter，22(3)，1-3。  new window
7.Borun, Minda、Cleghorn, A.、Garfield, C.(1995)。Family Learning in Museums: A Bibliographic Revie。Curator，38(4)，262-270。  new window
8.Cone, C. A.、Kendall, D.(1978)。Space, Time, and Family Interaction: Visitor Behavior at the Science Museum of Minnesota。Curator，21(4)，245-258。  new window
9.Drake, C. S.(1992)。Museums in the Community: An Education Resource Museum。UNESCO，44(2)，96-99。  new window
10.Falk, John H.(1983)。Time and Behavior as Predictors of Learning。Science Education，67(2)，267-276。  new window
11.Falk, J. H.(1991)。Analysis of the Behavior of Family Visitors in Natural History museums: The National Museum of Natural History。Curator: The Museum Journal，34(1)，44-50。  new window
12.Greenglass, D. I.(1986)。Learning from Objects in a Museum。Curator，29(1)，53-66。  new window
13.Koran, John J., Jr.、Lehman, J.、Dierking-Shaefer, L.、Koran, M. L.(1983)。The Relative Effects of Pre- and Postattention Directing Devices on Learning from a "Walk-Through" Museum Exhibit。Journal of Research in Science Teaching，24(4)，341-346。  new window
14.Koran, J. J. Jr.、Koran, M. L.、Dierking, L. D.、Foster, J.(1988)。Using Modeling to Direct Attention in a Natural History Museum。Curator，31(1)，36-42。  new window
15.Laetsch, Watson、Diamond, J.、Gottfried, J. L.、Rosenfeld, S.(1980)。Children and Family Groups in Science Centers。Science and Children，15，14-17。  new window
16.McManus, P.(1987)。It's the Company You Keep: The Social Determination of Learning-related Behavior in a Science Museum。International Journal of Museum Management and Curatorship，53，43-50。  new window
17.Ostlund, K.、Gennaro, E.、Dobbert, M.(1985)。A Naturalistic Study of Children and Their Parents in Family Learning Courses in Science。Curator，22(8)，723-741。  new window
18.Tamir, Pinchas(1990)。Factors Associated with the Relationship between Formal, Informal, and Informal Science Learning。Journal of Environmental Education，22(2)，34-42。  new window
19.Bitgood, S.(1993)。Social Influences on the Visitor Museum Experience。Visitor Behavior，8(3)，4-5。  new window
20.靳知勤(19970100)。Taiwanese Elementary Students' Perceptions of Dinosaurs。Proceedings of the National Science Council, ROC, Part D: Mathematics, Science and Technology Education，7(1)，24-37。  new window
21.Diamond, Judy(1986)。The behavior of family groups in science museums。Curator: The Museum Journal，29(2)，139-154。  new window
22.靳知勤(19970700)。教師對科學博物館教學資源認知、運用之現狀與障礙。教育研究資訊，5(4)，101-118。new window  延伸查詢new window
23.郭重吉(19950900)。建構主義與科學教育的革新。科學教育學刊，3(2)，213-224。new window  延伸查詢new window
24.Igoe, K.(1993)。Advancing the educational role of museums。ICOM News，1(2)，8。  new window
25.靳知勤、段曉林、高慧芬(19970300)。科學博物館實施教師研習之理論探討與規畫研究。科學教育學刊，5(1)，85-110。new window  延伸查詢new window
26.Lucas, A. M.(1983)。Scientific Literacy and Informal Learning。Studies in Science Education，10(1)，1-36。  new window
27.劉幸真(19920400)。國立自然科學博物館觀眾意見調查報告。博物館學季刊，6(2)，51-58。new window  延伸查詢new window
會議論文
1.靳知勤(1995)。教師對從事科學博物館教學之目標認知與實施方式之探究。第一屆數理教學及師資培育學術研討會。彰化：國立彰化師範大學。394-423。  延伸查詢new window
2.Barba, Robertta H.(1995)。Children's Tacit and Explicit Understandings of Dinosaurs。The Annual Meeting of the National Association of Research in Science Teaching，(會議日期: April 22-25, 1995)。San Francisco。  new window
研究報告
1.Bitgood, S.(1988)。A Comparison of Formal and Informal Learning。Jacksonville, AL：Center for Social Design。  new window
圖書
1.國立自然科學博物館(1994)。遊樂事業對博物館營運影響之研究。台中：國立自然科學博物館。  延伸查詢new window
2.Benton, M.(1992)。Dinosaur and Other Prehistoric and Fact Finder。New York：Grisewood & Dempsey Ltd.。  new window
3.Crane, V.、Nicholson, H.、Chen, H.、Bitgood, S.(1994)。Informal Science Learning: What Research Says About Television, Science Museum, and Community-Based Projects。Research Communications Ltd.。  new window
4.British Museum of Natural History(1979)。Dinosaurs and Their Relatives。Cambridge University Press。  new window
5.Gardom, T.、Milner, A.(1993)。The Natural History Museum Book of Dinosaurs。London：The Natural History Museum。  new window
6.Lambert, D.、The Diagram Group(1990)。The Dinosaur Data Book, Facts and Fictions About the World's Largest Creatures。New York：Avon Books。  new window
7.Norman, D.(1985)。The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs。Salamander Books Ltd.。  new window
8.Norman, D.(1991)。Dinosaurs!。London：Boxtree Ltd.。  new window
9.邱天助(1990)。社會教育活動方案設計。台北：心理出版社。  延伸查詢new window
10.Falk, John H.、Dierking, Lynn D.(1992)。The museum experience。Washington, DC：Whalesback Books。  new window
單篇論文
1.Hilke, D. D.，Balling, J. D.(1985)。The Family as a Learning system: An Observational Study of Families in Museums，Washington, D.C.：Smithonian Institution。  new window
2.Lakota, R. A.(1975)。The National Museurn of Natural History as a Behavioral Environment，Washington, D.C.：Smithonian Institution。  new window
圖書論文
1.Jackson, T.(1989)。Reaching the Community: Modern Art and the New Audience。Initiatives in Museum Education。Leicester University Press。  new window
2.Von Glasersfeld, E.(1989)。Learning as a Constructive Activity。Problems of Representation in Teaching and Learning Math。Hillsdale, N.J.。  new window
3.Galbraith, M. W.(1990)。The Nature of Community and Adult Education。Education Through Community Organization。San Francisco：Jossey-Bass。  new window
4.Ito, T.(1991)。Opening Up Museums to the People。Educational Activities of Museums。Asian Cultural Centre for UNESCO。  new window
 
 
 
 
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