本研究目的在探討不同自然學業能力的兒童，閱讀概念構圖、圖示、結合概念構圖與圖示等型式的教材，對知識結構、理解能力與學習反應之影響。採二因子等後測實驗設計，根據自然科學業成績，選取180位五年級高、中、低能力兒童為受試。再隨機分派至概念構圖組、圖示組、結合概念構圖與圖示組、控制閆，各組接受閱讀概念構圖、圖示、概念構圖與圖示、文章等課程。教學結束一週後，院週實施三篇教材的「科學知識結構測驗」與「科學理解測驗」，採徑路探測和二因子變異數分析處理資料。另外，從各組隨機選取24人進行晤談，以分析其學習反應。研究發現：不同自然學業能力的兒童，閱讀不同表徵型式的教材後，在知識結構和理解能力上有差異。(1)對低能力學生而言，閱讀圖示後的識結構的理解能力，比僅閱讀文 章者佳；閱讀結合概念構圖與圖示後的理解能力，比僅閱讀文章者佳。(2)對中能力學生而言，閱讀概念構圖、圖示、結合概念構圖、圖示後，其知識結構和理解能力，皆比僅閱讀文章者佳。(3)對高能力學生而言，閱讀不同表徵型式教材之效果，可能因教材的難度而有所差異。另外，由晤談發現學習反應會受教材表徵型式和學習者能力之影響。本研究結果可提供國小自然科學教和讀物的閱讀指導與設計編製之參考。

　　　　　The main purpose of this study was to explore the influence of concept mapping, illustration, and the combination of concept mapping and illustration with different levels of children's academic ability on students' knowledge structures, comperhension, and learning response. A two-way between-subjects factorial design was used. A total of 180 fifth-graders including low, middle and high ability students were chosen from primary school based on their achievement of sciences. Then they were randomly assigned into a concept mapping group, illustration group, a group combing concept mapping and illustration and a control group. One week after instruction, the Knowledge Structure Test and Comprehension Ability Test for three scientific texts were administered. The data were analyzed using Pathfinder and a two-way factorial ANOVA. A sample of 24 children were randomly chosen from the four groups to be interviewed. The results indicated that the effects of different material formats on students' knowledge structures and comprehension ability were affected by learners' ability. Low ability students' knowledge structure and comprehension ability were influenced more by reading illustration as opposed to text alone. Comprehension ability was more effectively promoted by combing concept mapping and illustration than by only reading text. Middle ability students knowledge structures and comprehension were more effected by the different material formats than by only reading text. The effects of reading different material formats on high ability students was affected by the difficulty of the material. The analysis of children's interviews indicated that learning response was affected by the different material formats and the learner's ability.