台灣數十年來，在處理醫療糾紛的民事過失責任判定上，不管在學術或實務界，均歷經了一番轉折。從傳統適用【民法】上一般民事責任為起點，或以侵權行為或以債務不履行為歸責主軸，到此二種請求權競合的爭議；延伸至1994年【消費者保護法】公布實施後，由於【消費者保護法】在企業責任的判定上採無過失責任主義，因此，引發了學術界討論，即對於醫療糾紛是否適用此無過失責任制度？此一爭議，一直到實務界第一個醫療糾紛適用【消費者保護法】的判決出現，有了較為明確的趨向。然而，醫護界始終無法接受以救人為職責的神聖使命，竟要承受如此苛刻的課責，經過一番歷程，2004年4月立法院新修訂通過的【醫療法】第八十二條，規定醫療機構及其醫事人員因執行業務致生損害於病人，以故意或過失為限負損害賠償責任，可說為學術界與實務界在醫療糾紛究竟是否要適用無過失責任的問題上，予以定紛止爭。本文即對我國醫療糾紛民事過失責任歸責的演進做一探討，藉以明漸這其間的爭議及未來的可能發展。

During the past several decades, in Taiwan, there is a dramatic progress in medical service dispute about civil liability verdict regarding both academic field and empirical one. Traditionally, the lawsuits between medical professionals and patients begin with Civil Law or applying the tort and the nonperformance of obligation as a main shaft to justify responsibility. Widely discussed by the academia, the debate is acquired between the two requests. Because the implementation of the law is liable to compensation for willful or negligence conduct, this opinions is suggested by the academic field. The discussion becomes clearer after the first verdict using the Consumers Protect Law in a medical care case. The doctors and nurses feel their jobs are saving lives, there is no need to be scrutinized in such an act. After some time and effort, in April 2004, the Legislative Yuan passed Article 82 of the Medical Law. This article mandates the medical center and professionals cause the damages of the patients when carrying out services, should be liable to compensation for compensation for willful or negligence conduct. This clarifies the misunderstanding between academic and practical fields in the area of how the improper medical services should be treated. This article discusses the progress of the civil liability about medical mistreatment and future which probes the different views of this subject and further development of relative acts.