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題名：長汀客家話的連續變調現象
書刊名：清華學報
作者：林蕙珊 引用關係
作者(外文)：Lin, Hui-shan
出版日期：2007
卷期：37:1
頁次：頁175-225
主題關鍵詞：長汀客家話；連續變調；二字組；三字組；變調方向性；優選理論；Changting tone sandhi；Bi-tonal sequences；Tri-tonal strings；Rule application directionalities；Optimality theory
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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  • 共同引用共同引用:42
  • 點閱點閱:38
長汀客家話是指分布於福建省西南部長汀縣的縣城及城郊的方言。長汀客家話的連續變調現象不管在語料描述上或理論分析上都殘留了一些問題。在語料描述方面，長汀話連續變調描述上，仍有紛亂的情形；而在理論分析方面，長汀客家話的連續變調現象，尤其是三子組變調方向性上的預測，無異是對於現有音韻理論的一大挑戰。學者們曾嘗試試著由不同的音韻學理論來預測三字組的變調方向，不過，到目前為止似乎並沒有一個十分完善的分析。本研究重新調查並分析長汀客家話二字組和三字組的連續變調現象。在語料描述方面，我們觀察到了文獻上未記載的連續變調現象。在理論分析的部份，我們採取優選理論來處理長汀客家話的變調。在二字組方面，我們找出了變調的動機；在三字組方面我們成功地預測了三字組的變調方向性。
A review of the existing literature on Changting tone sandhi reveals some important points worthy of attention. Descriptively, though field-word has been conducted on Changting tone sandhi, no consensus has yet been reached concerning which tonal combinations are subject to undergo tonal changes. Theoretically, though some researchers have attempted to provide analyses to account for the notorious directionality issue in tri-tonal sandhi, no promising analyses have yet been produced. In this study, the author conducted fieldwork to collect mono-tonal, bi-tonal and tri-tonal data of Changting to clarify the tone sandhi phenomenon and to propose analysis of the collected tone sandhi data. After collecting and comparing our collected data with those in the existing literature, the author found this study’s observation of tone sandhi is richer than those reported in the existing literature. Two additional tonal changes which had not yet been reported are observed in this study’s data. In analyzing bi-tonal sandhi, the author discovered that tonal changes in Changting are triggered by the tendency for tonemes to agree in intersyllabic position. They are accounted for by five OT constraints. As for tri-tonal sandhi, we propose three additional constraints that successfully predict the directionality in Changting tri-tonal sandhi.
期刊論文
1.Yip, Moira(20041000)。Phonological Markedness and Allomorph Selection in Zahao。語言暨語言學，5(4)，969-1001。new window  new window
2.包智明(2003)。Tone, Accent, and Stress in Chinese。Journal of Linguistics，39，147-166。  new window
3.Zhang, Ning(1997)。The Avoidance of the Third Tone Sandhi in Mandarin Chinese。Journal of East Asian Linguistics，6(4)，293-338。  new window
4.Wightman, Collin W.、Shattuck-Hufnagel, Stefanie、Ostendorf, Mari、Price, Patti J.(1992)。Segmental Durations in the Vicinity of Prosodic Phrase Boundaries。The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America，91(3)，1707-1717。  new window
5.McCarthy, John J.(2003)。Comparative Markedness。Theoretical Linguistics，29(1/2)，1-51。  new window
6.Yip, Moira(2003)。Some real and not-so real consequences of comparative markedness。Theoretical Linguistics，29(1/2)，53-64。  new window
7.Greenberg, S.、Zee, E.(1979)。On the perception of contour tones。UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics，45，150-164。  new window
8.汪平(1988)。常州方言的連讀變調。方言，1988(3)，177。  延伸查詢new window
9.李兵(2005)。優選論中系晦暗性：問題與發展。外語教學與研究，37(3)，170-178。  延伸查詢new window
10.羅美珍(1982)。福建長汀客家話的連讀變調。語言研究，1982(2)=3，188-197。  延伸查詢new window
11.李如龍(1965)。長汀話兩音節、三音節的連續變調。廈大學報，1965(2)，57-61。  延伸查詢new window
12.饒長溶(1987)。方言的連讀變調。中國語文，191-200。  延伸查詢new window
13.Blumenfeld, L.(2003)。Counterfeeding, Derived Environment Effects and Comparative Markedness。Theoretical Linguistics，29，89-99。  new window
14.趙元任(1930)。A System of Tone Letters。Le Maître Phonétique，45，24-27。  new window
15.陳淵泉(20041000)。Changting Hakka Tone Sandhi: Analytical Challenges。語言暨語言學，5(4)，799-820。new window  延伸查詢new window
16.Crowhurst, Megan(2003)。Comparative Markedness and Identity Effects in Reduplication。Theoretical Linguistics，29，77-87。  new window
17.Hsu, Hui-chuan(1995)。Trisyllabic Tone Sandhi in the Changting Hakka Dialect。Journal of Chinese Linguistics，23(1)，42-86。  new window
18.McCarthy, John J.、Prince, Alan(1995)。Faithfulness and reduplicative identity。University of Massachusetts Occasional Papers in Linguistics，18，249-384。  new window
19.Oller, D. Kimbrough(1973)。The duration of speech segments: The effect of position in utterance on speech segment duration in English。Journal of the Acoustical Society of America，54(5)，1235-1247。  new window
20.王士元(1967)。Phonological features of tone。International Journal of American Linguistics，33(2)，93-105。  new window
會議論文
1.Clark, Mary M.(1983)。On the distribution of contour tones。WCCFL，44-55。  new window
2.Tranel, Bernard(1998)。Suppletion and OT: On the issue of the syntax/phonology interaction。WCCFL 16。Stanford：CSLI。415-429。  new window
3.Black, John W.(1970)。The Magnitude of Pitch Inflection。The 6th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences。Prague。177-181。  new window
4.Chen, Matthew Y.(1992)。Tone Rule Typology。The 18th Berkeley Linguistics Society Annual Meeting，54-66。  new window
5.Lin, Hui-shan(2000)。An Optimality Theoretic Approach to Mandarin Tone Sandhi。The 18th Annual Conference of the Association of Chinese Phonology。Fujen Catholic University。  new window
6.Lubowicz, Anna(2006)。Opaque Allomorphy in OT。The 25th West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics，261-269。  new window
7.Zhang, Jie(2005)。Contour Restrictions and Faithful Alignment in Chinese Tone Sandhi Systems。The Workshop on Theoretical East Asian Linguistics，(會議日期: July 22-23, 2005)。  new window
8.Tsai, Jane、Myers, James(1996)。Taiwanese tone sandhi as allomorph selection。The Twenty Second Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistic Society。Berkeley, California：Berkeley Linguistics Society。394-405。  new window
學位論文
1.林蕙珊(2004)。Directionality in tone sandhi and the effect of identity preservation(博士論文)。National Tsing Hua University，Hsinchu。  new window
2.Lin, Hui-shan(2000)。An Optimality Theoretic Approach to Tone Sandhi in Mandarin, in Taiwanese, and in Mandarin-Taiwanese Code-Mixing(碩士論文)。National Chengchi University。  new window
3.Mascaro, Joan(2005)。External Allomorphy and Lexical Representation(碩士論文)。Universitat Aut'onoma de Barcelona。  new window
4.Shih, Chi-Lin(1986)。The prosodic domain of tone sandhi in Chinese(博士論文)。University of California San Diego。  new window
5.Yip, Moira Jean W.(1980)。The tonal phonology of Chinese(博士論文)。Massachusetts Institute of Technology。  new window
圖書
1.Zhang, Jie(2002)。The Effect of Duration and Sonority on Contour Tone Distribution-A Typological Survey and Formal Analysis。New York：Routledge。  new window
2.陳淵泉(2000)。Tone sandhi: Patterns across Chinese dialects。Cambridge：Oxford University Press。  new window
3.McCarthy, John(2004)。Optimality theory in phonology: A reader。Blackwell Publishing Inc.。  new window
4.Yip, Moira Jean Winsland(2002)。Tone。Cambridge University Press。  new window
5.周辨明(1934)。廈門音韻聲調之構造與性質及其於中國音韻學上某項問題之關係。廈門：廈門大學。  延伸查詢new window
6.Bao, Zhiming(1999)。On The Nature of Tone。Oxford University Press。  new window
7.陳淵泉、嚴修鴻、黃良喜(2003)。客家方言連讀變調：語料及初步分析。香港城市大學。  延伸查詢new window
8.蕭宇超(19910000)。Syntax, Rhythm and Tone: A Triangular Relationship。臺北市：文鶴。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.羅美珍、鄧曉華(1995)。客家方言。福州：福建教育出版社。  延伸查詢new window
單篇論文
1.Horwoo, Graham(2000)。Anti-Identity and Taiwanese Tone Sandhi，Rutgers Univ。  new window
圖書論文
1.Benua, Laura(1995)。Identity Effects in Morphological Truncation。Papers in Optimality Theory。Amherst, MA：Graduate Linguistic Student Association Publications。  new window
2.Perlmutter, D.(1998)。Interfaces: Explanation of allomorphy and the architecture of grammars。Morphology and Its Relation to Phonology and Syntax。Stanford：CSLI。  new window
3.Liberman, Mark、Pierrehumbert, Janet(1984)。International Invariance under Changes in Pitch Range and Length。Language, Sound, Structure。Cambridge, Mass.：MIT Press。  new window
4.Mascaro, Joan(1996)。External Allomorphy as Emergence of the Unmarked。Current Trends in Phonology: Models and Methods。Salford：CNRS-ESRI。  new window
5.McCarthy, John(2004)。External Allomorphy as Emergence of the Unmarked。Current Trends in Phonology: Models and Methods。Salford：CNRS-ESRI。  new window
6.Hayes, Bruce(1990)。Precompiled Phrasal Phonology。The Phonology Syntax Connection。University of Chicago Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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