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題名：WTO會員設定強制授權事由的權限：以維也納條約法公約之解釋原則分析飛利浦CD-R專利特許實施事由與TRIPS的相容性
書刊名：國立臺灣大學法學論叢
作者：倪貴榮 引用關係
作者(外文)：Ni, Kuei-jung
出版日期：2010
卷期：39:3
頁次：頁369-434
主題關鍵詞：世界貿易組織；與貿易相關之智慧財產權協定；強制授權；可錄式光碟專利；維也納條約法公約；杜哈智慧財產權協定與公共健康宣言；合理之商業條件；WTO；TRIPS；Compulsory licensing；CD-R patents；VCLT；Doha Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health；Reasonable commercial terms
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(6) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:6
  • 共同引用共同引用:117
  • 點閱點閱:228
我國專利法規定在無法以合理之商業條件達成授權協議時，可構成強制授權之事由。基此情事，我國智慧財產局乃將荷蘭飛利浦擁有的數項 CD-R 專利，強制授權給臺灣製造商，此舉引起飛利浦強烈的抗議；在經過調查後，歐盟執委會發布報告，指摘此舉違反我國在 WTO／TRIPS 項下的義務。目前 WTO 尚未審理有關強制授權的爭訟，此事件提供了研究該政府措施是否與TRIPS 相容的機會，以理解 WTO 會員適用強制授權機制的限制。本案牽涉諸多法律議題，而本文將以本案為基礎，研究 WTO 會員在 TRIPS 下是否具有自行決定強制授權事由，包括本案的授權事由的權限。本文首先對TRIPS 強制授權制度作概括說明；並論述我國相對應的內國法律以及據以對飛利浦專利強制授權的過程與背景。在檢視歐盟和我國對此議題的論述和可能立場之後，將依據維也納條約法公約所揭示的習慣法解釋原則，即以此為分析工具，進一步檢驗和評價可能用以支持雙方觀點的解釋要素和權威。
The Taiwan Patent Act specifies the failure to reach a reasonable commercial term as one of the grounds to grant a compulsory license. In effect, several CD-R patents owned by a Dutch land company, the Philips, were licensed to a local Taiwan company as a result of a decision made by the Taiwan Intellectual Property Office. The governmental action has aroused a severe protest from the licensed company. Consequently, the European Commission issued an official report, accusing the decision of violating Taiwan’s commitments under the TRIPS agreement of the WTO. Currently, no single dispute regarding the grant of compulsory licensing has been brought to the WTO Dispute Settlement Body. The event provides an opportunity to study the TRIPS-consistency of such a governmental action with a view to comprehending the limit of WTO members in applying the mechanism of compulsory licensing. As the event involves several critical issues, this Article aims at studying if a WTO member has the competence to determine the grounds for compulsory license, including such a ground applied by the Taiwanese authority in the dispute in question. This Article is designed to analyze how the presumptive case would be adjudicated by the WTO dispute settlement mechanism. This Article will begin to review the regulations of compulsory license under the TRIPS and the Taiwanese law incorporating the system. The background and process of granting a compulsory license on Philips’ patents will also be revealed. The study then will review the arguments and reasoning of both the European Union and Taiwan. Mainly relying on customary interpretation rules embodied in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, this Article endeavors to examine and evaluate the legal implications and effect of relevant interpretative elements and authorities that are likely to sustain the arguments of either party.
期刊論文
1.劉孔中、簡維克(20090100)。CD-R案之解析與評釋--以公平法及專利強制授權為重心。公平交易季刊，17(1)，1-37。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.林彩瑜(20040400)。WTO TRIPS協定下醫藥專利與公共健康之問題及其解決方向。政大法學評論，78，267-342。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.許耀明(20051200)。歐體法院之規範角色與其法律解釋方法：一個法學方法論上的考察。月旦法學，127，106-131。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.楊光華(20070200)。從專利特許實施個案論我國對TRIPS協定義務之履行。政大法學評論，95，265-321。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.Ni, Kuei-Jung(2006)。The Incorporation of the CBD Mandate on Access and Benefit-sharing into TRIPS Regime; An Appraisal on the Appeal of Developing Countries with Rich Genetic Resources。Asian J. WTO & Int'l Health L. and Pol'y，1，433。new window  new window
6.倪貴榮(20030100)。WTO智慧財產權保護與公共健康議題之發展趨勢。經社法制論叢，31，129-158。  延伸查詢new window
7.Safrin, Sabrina(2004)。Hyperownership in a Time of Bioetchnological Promise: The International Conflict to Control the Building Blocks of Life。The American Journal of International Law，98(4)，641-685。  new window
8.王立達(20040400)。從TRIPS協定與公眾健康爭議論專利強制授權之功能與侷限。科技法學評論，1(1)，215-246。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.何之邁、林怡君(20060300)。荷蘭皇家飛利浦光碟案判決評析--以公平交易法對於「獨占」之規範為中心。月旦民商法雜誌，11，91-105。  延伸查詢new window
10.馮震宇(20080800)。從TRIPS規範看飛利浦特許實施案之爭議與影響。月旦法學，159，148-170。new window  延伸查詢new window
11.倪貴榮、曾文智、魏翠亭(20021100)。從世界貿易組織荷爾蒙案論預防原則之適用與發展。問題與研究，41(6)，61-80。new window  延伸查詢new window
12.王立達、江國泉(20090200)。不同標準，合理齟齬？--評臺北高等行政法院飛利浦可錄式光碟專利特許實施案判決。月旦法學，165，174-201。new window  延伸查詢new window
13.劉孔中(20070100)。以關鍵設施理論限制專利強制授權之範圍。公平交易季刊，15(1)，25-58。new window  延伸查詢new window
14.Gathii, James Thuo(2002)。The Legal Status Of The Doha Declaration On TRIPS And Public Health Under The Vienna Convention On The Law Of Treaties。Harvard Journal of Law and Technology，15(2)，291-317。  new window
15.林彩瑜(20071200)。從歐體生技產品爭端之裁決論SPS協定對GMO規範之影響。國立臺灣大學法學論叢，36(4)，257-323。new window  延伸查詢new window
16.林洲富(2007)。專利制度與競爭法之調和：以專利強制授權為探討之中心。律師雜誌，336期，頁 70-94。  延伸查詢new window
17.倪貴榮(2007)。國際智慧財產權法之教學研究與我國之挑戰。台灣國際法季刊，4卷 1期，頁 63-86。new window  延伸查詢new window
18.黃維幸(2008)。論最好的法律及憲法解釋方法。月旦法學雜誌，161期，頁 135-153。new window  延伸查詢new window
19.蔡明誠(1997)。論智慧權之類型與其法體系。政大法律評論，57期，頁 429-450。new window  延伸查詢new window
20.Abbott, F. M.(2002)。The Doha declaration on the TRIPS agreement and public health: Lighting a dark corner at the WTO。Journal of International Economic Law，5，469-505。  new window
21.Cann, Jr., W. A.(2004)。On the relationship between intellectual property rights。University Pennsylvania Journal of International Economic Law，25，755-944。  new window
22.Charnovitz, S.(2002)。The legal status of the Doha declarations。Journal of International Economic Law，5，207-211。  new window
23.Garcia-Castrillon, C. O.(2002)。An approach to the WTO ministerial declaration on the TRIPS agreement and public health。Journal of International Economic Law，5，212-219。  new window
24.Kiehl, J.(2002)。TRIPS article 31(B) and the HIV/AIDS epidemic。Journal of Intellectual Property Law，10，143-171。  new window
25.Lin, C. F.(2008)。Filling in the gaps of the TRIPS agreement: Reflections on the Taiwan-Philips CD-R compulsory license。Asian Journal of WTO & International Health Law & Policy，3，557-587。  new window
26.Mavroidis, P. C.(2008)。No outsourcing of law? WTO law as practiced by WTO courts。American Journal of International Law，102，421-474。  new window
27.Mitchell, A. D.(2007)。The legal basis for using principles in WTO disputes。Journal of International Economic Law，10，795-835。  new window
28.Ni, K. J.(2001)。Contemporary prospects for the application of principle 12 of the Rio declaration。Georgetown International Environmental Law Review，14，1-33。  new window
29.Schott, J. J.(2002)。Comment on the Doha ministerial。Journal of International Economic Law，5，191-195。  new window
30.Shanker, D.(2002)。The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, the dispute settlement system of the WTO and the Doha declaration on the TRIPs agreement。Journal of World Trade，36，721-772。  new window
31.Sykes, A. O.(2002)。TRIPs, pharmaceuticals, developing countries, and the Doha “solution”。Chicago Journal of International Law，3，47-68。  new window
研究報告
1.Trade Barriers Regulation Committee(2008)。Examination procedure concerning an obstacle to trade, within the meaning of council regulation (EC) No. 3286/94, consisting of measures adopted by the separate Customs Territorial of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu affecting patent protection in respect。  new window
學位論文
1.張南薰(2008)。WTO 協定間法律適用關係之研究。new window  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.施文真(2008)。綠化 WTO？--貿易、環境與臺灣。元照出版有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
2.UNCTAD-ICTSD(2005)。Resource book on TRIPS and development。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
3.Boyle, Alan、Chinkin, Christine(2007)。The Making of International Law。Oxford University Press。  new window
4.吳嘉生(2001)。美國貿易法三〇一條款評析--智慧財產權保護之帝王條款。臺北：元照出版有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
5.Correa, Carlos M.(2007)。Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights--A Commentary on the TRIPS Agreement。  new window
6.陳文吟(1996)。專利法專論。臺北市：五南。new window  延伸查詢new window
7.Pauwelyn, Joost(2003)。Conflict of Norms in Public International Law: How WTO Law Relates to Other Rules of International Law。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
8.Blakeney, M.。Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights: A Concise Guide to the TRIPs Agreement。  new window
9.Janis, Mark W.(1999)。An Introduction to International Law。New York：Aspen Law & Business。  new window
10.羅昌發(199910)。國際貿易法。月旦出版社。  延伸查詢new window
11.Watal, Jayashree(2001)。Intellectual Property Rights in the WTO and Developing Countries。Kluwer。  new window
12.World Trade Organization(1999)。The Legal texts: The results of the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
13.Aust, Anthony(2000)。Modern Treaty Law and Practice。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
14.de Carvalho, Nuno Pires(2005)。The TRIPS Regime of Patent Rights。The Hague：Kluwer Law International Ltd.。  new window
15.丘宏達(2006)。現代國際法。三民書局。  延伸查詢new window
16.劉孔中(2007)。智慧財產權法制的關鍵革新。臺北：元照。  延伸查詢new window
17.Brownlie, Ian(2003)。Principles of Public International Law。Oxford University Press。  new window
18.Matsushita, Mitsuo、Schoenbaum, Thomas J.、Mavroidis, Petros C.、Hahn, Michael(2015)。The World Trade Organization: Law, Practice, and Policy。Oxford University Press。  new window
19.馮震宇(2004)。智慧財產權發展趨勢與重要問題研究。元照。new window  延伸查詢new window
20.立法院秘書處編(1995)。法律案專輯。台北。  延伸查詢new window
21.謝銘洋(2004)。智慧財產權之基礎理論，4 版。台北。  延伸查詢new window
22.Birnie, P., Boyle, A.,、Redgwell C.(2009)。International law & the environment (3rd ed)。Oxford。  new window
23.Cornish, W. R.,、Llewelyn, D.(2007)。Intellectual property: Patents, copyright, trade marks and allied rights (6th ed.)。London。  new window
24.Correa, C.(2007)。TRIPS and TRIPS-Plus protection and impacts in Latin America。Intellectual property, trade and development: Strategies to optimize economic development in a TRIPS-Plus era。Oxford。  new window
25.Damrosch, L. F.(2001)。International law: Cases and materials (4th ed)。St. Paul。  new window
26.Gervais, D.(2008)。The TRIPS agreement, drafting history and analysis (3rd ed.)。London。  new window
 
 
 
 
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