Because of the long martial law period, it needs a joint effort under government and civil to make human right protection in Taiwan achieve the international standard, especially the right in International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ROC government had signed ICCPR in 1967. Then ICCPR is ratified by Legislative Yuan in March 31 2009. Furthermore, President Ma Ying-jeou formally signed the approvals of ICCPR and International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) in May 14 2009. The concerning enforcement rules which are signed by President Ma Ying-jeou in April 16 2009 are declared in April 22 and entered into force in April 24 2009. Consequently, the content of the Covenant which has become the part of ROC's domestic law can be applied to all the law executor. However, the public affairs which are becoming numerous and complicated, are hardly controlled and managed by central government comprehensively. It is necessary to divide and share the power immediately before the coming era of restoration of local right. In particular, the demand to civil and political right involve to the fundamental protection of human right should be carried out instantly to the contracting party. Moreover, under centralized system, civil is unable to participate in politics to deal with its own public affairs. It may call the value of democracy in question. Therefore, democracy countries have to reconstruct the relationship between central government and local government and protect fundamental human right by local autonomy. This paper mainly discusses the relationship between ICCPR and local autonomy.