Objectives: The Taiwanese government has created regulations for hospital staffing allocation, but people still think that the quality of medical care and medical manpower is still insufficient. The implementation of National Health Insurance led to changes in hospitals' medical costs and their employment of health care manpower; however, problems with hospital manpower cannot be solved simply by regulation. The main purpose of this study was to understand current hospital manpower issues in Taiwan by reviewing the existing literature. We identified important features in the existing literature, and, based on these, suggested possible directions for future research.Methods: We reviewed a total of 140 studies related to Taiwan's hospital manpower between 2001 and 2010 in the CEPS. The content analysis covered research topics, subjects, areas, methodology, and statistical methods.Results: The research topics were relatively narrow and can be expanded to include the viewpoints of other fields such as service management and organizational theory. As to the research area, some studies conducted their studies in some specific areas and with convenience sampling; however, if their results reflected regional characteristics are needed to be discussed further. With regard to research methodology, quantitative analysis was the main method used and other research designs (such as quasi-experimental or qualitative analysis) can be developed in the future. Statistical methods were primarily descriptive statistics or analysis of differences (t-tests and variances), and showed a high degree of similarity and other methods can be utilized.Conclusions: Through a literature review, this study identified gaps in research in the studies of hospital manpower in Taiwan, and made suggestions for future development.