Objectives: Nurses are the majority of the workforce in the medical industry in Taiwan, and are key medical team members in carrying out physicians' orders. In this study, we examined trends in the nursing workforce and discussed special implications for the hospital industry by analyzing the changing ratio of nurses to physicians in Taiwan's hospitals. Methods: This study is based on data on workforce changes and differences in wages among different medical professionals in a medical center in southern Taiwan, and on governmental data about changes in the hospital medical workforce in Taiwan as a whole. We examined historical changes in the nurse physician ratio, and analyzed the relationship between the changes in nursing workforce and hospital management strategies and their social implications. Results: We found that the nurse physician ratio increased from 1.03 in 1975 to 2.52 in 2007 in this medical center. Additionally, we found that the average wage for nurses was much lower than that of physicians and other medical and non-medical professionals. The changes in this ratio for all hospitals in Taiwan generally show similar increasing trends. Conclusions: We argue that this increasing trend of nurse physician ratio in both the southern Taiwan medical center and in all of Taiwan's hospitals mainly reflects the hospitals' management strategy of employing nurses with lower wages in order to decrease investment costs. The increase in the nursing workforce has not been accompanied by an improvement in the nursing profession's working conditions or welfare.