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題名：中英雙語者的空間用語與空間認知 : 眼動儀研究
書刊名：中華心理學刊
作者：林慧麗 引用關係
作者(外文)：Lin, Hui-li
出版日期：2011
卷期：53:3
頁次：頁309-322
主題關鍵詞：中英雙語；作業複雜度；空間用語；空間認知；眼動；Chinese-English bilinguals；Eye movements；Spatial cognition；Spatial terms；Task complexities
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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根據強語言相對論，記憶歷程的空間認知理應受到不同語言的空間提示用語的影響或限制。弱語言相對論則對於語言的影響力持保守觀點，認為語言在認知歷程中扮演的是形塑分類系統的調節角色（Newcombe, 2005）。為探討此一替代觀點，本研究利用眼動儀測量中英雙語者從事空間記憶再認作業編碼過程中的眼球活動，並選擇以語意分界上不完全一致的中英空間用語做為提示，同時操弄不同作業複雜程度，以探討這兩種語言的空間用語，如何對中英雙語者之空間認知表現產生不同的影響。本實驗為2（提示語言：英文空間用語vs. 中文空間用語） ×2（作業複雜度：多內容vs. 少內容）完全受試者間設計，依變項為以眼動儀測量記憶編碼階段之興趣區總停留時間與總凝視次數。共有73 位中英雙語成人參與實驗，隨機分為四組，分別接受四種實驗情境之一。過程當中以眼動儀配合電腦程式，紀錄按鍵與眼動訊息。結果顯示，英語特定空間用語的提示效果，僅在記憶目標複雜度較高時能彰顯。本研究結果支持弱語言相對論，即語言對於認知的影響，並非徹底改變認知表現，而是藉由調整分類界線的方式，扮演調節的角色。
According to the strong version of language relativity theory, spatial terms should affect or constrain the performance of spatial recognition tasks when cued by different languages. However, a weaker version of linguistic relativism proposes a “language as a category shaper” moderator point of view (Newcombe, 2005). To further explore this alternative viewpoint, the current study aims to investigate how categorizing boundaries in spatial terms between two languages may affect behaviors differentially as a function of task complexity. To achieve this goal, Chinese-English bilinguals’ spatial cognition was assessed with eye-movement tracking techniques when they underwent visual recognition tasks cued with either Chinese or English spatial terms. The present study took on a 2 (cueing languages: Chinese vs. English) × 2 (task complexity: Less vs. More) complete between-subject experimental design. Seventy-three Chinese-English bilinguals were randomly assigned into 4 groups, ChLess, ChMore, EngLess and EngMore. Their eye moving patterns during visual encoding stage were observed and examined to see how they were affected by cueing languages under various degrees of task complexity. Eyetracking equipment was programmed to present task materials and record task performance, including eye-movement information. Total dwell time and total fixation count in specific areas of interest during the encoding phase were measured and compared among the 4 groups. We predicted that only when the visual information is complicated enough can the characteristic features of the cueing languages be shown. Our findings support this prediction, which is derived from the weaker version of language relativity theory. That is, our language does not change our cognition in a thoroughly one-way fashion. Instead, it moderates our thoughts as a category shaper.
期刊論文
1.Boroditsky, L.、Fuhrman, O.、McCormick, K.(2010)。Do English and Mandarin speakers think about time differently?。Cognition，118，123-129。  new window
2.Heider, E. R.、Oliver, D. C.(1972)。The structure of the color space in naming and memory for two languages。Cognitive Psychology，3，337-354。  new window
3.蔡介立、顏妙璇、汪勁安(20051200)。眼球移動測量及在中文閱讀研究之應用。應用心理研究，28，91-101。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.Rayner, Keith(1998)。Eye Movements in Reading and Information Processing: 20 Years of Research。Psychological Bulletin，124(3)，372-422。  new window
圖書
1.Levinson, S. C.(2003)。Space in Language and Cognition: Explorations in Cognitive Diversity。Cambridge。  new window
2.Piaget, J.、Inhelder, B.(1956)。The Child’s Conception of Space。London：RKP。  new window
3.Whorf, Benjamin Lee、Carroll, John B.(1956)。Language, Thought, and Reality: Selected Writings。MIT Press。  new window
4.Gibson, E. J.(1969)。Principles of perceptual learning and development。New York：Appleton-Century-Crofts。  new window
5.Vygotsky, Lev Semenovich、Cole, Michael、John-Steiner,‎ Vera、Scribner, Sylvia、Souberman, Ellen(1978)。Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes。Harvard University Press。  new window
6.Vygotsky, Lev S.(1962)。Thought and language。Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press。  new window
其他
1.Blumenfeld, H., & Marian, V.(2007)。Constraints on parallel activation in bilingual spoken language processing: Examining proficiency and lexical status using eye-tracking。  new window
2.Boroditsky, L.(2001)。Does language shape thought? Mandarin and English speakers’ concepts of time。  new window
3.Bowerman, M., & Choi, S.(2001)。Shaping meanings for language: Universal and language-specific in the acquisition of spatial semantic categories。  new window
4.Bowerman, M., & Levinson, S. C. (Eds.)(2001)。Language acquisition and conceptual development。  new window
5.Casasola, M., & Bhagwat, J.(2007)。Do novel words facilitate 18-month-olds’ spatial categorization。  new window
6.Chen, J.-Y.(2007)。Do Chinese and English speakers think about time differently?。  new window
7.Christensen, L. B., Johnson, R. B., & Turner, L. A.(2010)。Research, methods, design, and analysis。  new window
8.Davidoff, J., Davies, I., & Roberson, D.(1999)。Colour categories in a stone-age tribe。  new window
9.Fuhrman, O., & Boroditsky, L.(2010)。Cross-cultural differences in mental representations of time: Evidence from an implicit nonlinguistic task。  new window
10.Gentner, D., & Goldin-Meadow, S. (Eds.)(2003)。Language in mind: Advanced in the study of language and thought。  new window
11.Henderson, J. M., & Ferreira, F.(2004)。Scene perception for psycholinguists。  new window
12.Irwin, D. E.(2004)。Fixation location and fixation duration as indices of cognitive processing。  new window
13.Kaushanskaya, M., & Marian, V.(2007)。Bilingual language processing and interference in bilinguals: Evidence from eye tracking and picture naming。  new window
14.Kemmerer, D.(2006)。The semantics of space: Integrating linguistic typology and cognitive neuroscience。  new window
15.Landau, B., & Hoffman, J. E.(2005)。Parallels between spatial cognition and spatial language: Evidence from Williams syndrome。  new window
16.Li, P., & Gleitman, L.(2002)。Turning the tables: Language and spatial reasoning。  new window
17.Lin, H.-L.(2004)。Spatial terms and spatial cognition: On the learning of English locative prepositions by native Chinese speaker。  new window
18.Lin, H.-L.(2006)。How spatial memory is affected by spatial terms: On bilingual Chinese speakers’ recognition of visual information。  new window
19.Lindstromberg, S.(1997)。English prepositions explained。  new window
20.Marian, V., Spivey, M., & Hirsch, S.(2003)。Shared and separate systems in bilingual language processing: Converging evidence from eyetracking and brain imaging。  new window
21.Munnich, E., Landau, B., & Dosher, B. A.(2001)。Spatial language and spatial representation: A cross-linguistic comparison。  new window
22.Newcombe, N. S.(2005)。Language as destiny? Or not. Essay review of space in language and cognition: Explorations in cognitive diversity by Stephen C. Levinson。  new window
23.SR Research Ltd.(2002)。EyeLink sata viewer user’s manual, Version 1.7。  new window
24.Winsler, A., Fernyhough, C., & Montero, I. (Eds.)(2009)。Private speech, executive functioning, and the development of verbal self-regulation。  new window
圖書論文
1.Slobin, Dan I.(2003)。Language and thought online: cognitive consequences of linguistic relativity。Language in Mind: Advances in the Study of Language and Thought。Cambridge：MIT Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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