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引文資料
題名:
金融危機與馬來西亞經濟自由化:比較馬哈迪與納吉對新經濟政策的改革
書刊名:
遠景基金會季刊
作者:
左正東
作者(外文):
Tso, Chen-dong
出版日期:
2014
卷期:
15:2
頁次:
頁79-128
主題關鍵詞:
馬來西亞
;
經濟危機
;
新經濟政策
;
馬哈迪
;
納吉
;
Malaysia
;
Economic crisis
;
New economic policy
;
Mahatir
;
Najib
原始連結:
連回原系統網址
相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(
1
) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
排除自我引用:
1
共同引用:0
點閱:37
2008年金融海嘯後,馬來西亞新任首相納吉迅速展開改革,鬆綁經濟管制。1985年時,首相馬哈迪也在經濟危機後推動自由化,減少政府介入市場。不過,納吉偏重解除管制,馬哈迪偏重私有化。本文發現,危機帶來自由化,係因危機破壞政治經濟雙元平衡,必須通過自由化重建平衡。至於改革方向不同,則因政治競爭結構不同。納吉同時面對種族間和種族內競爭,解除管制建立規則,有助於操作平衡。馬哈迪面對種族內競爭,私有化則可鞏固個人領導。
以文找文
In the aftermath of the 2008 financial tsunami, the new Prime Minister of Malaysia, Najib Razak, launched a series of reform initiatives to lessen economic regulation. Similarly, the former Prime Minister Mahatir Mohamad promoted economic liberalization after the severe economic crisis of 1985-1986. While both initiatives were launched after crises, Najib placed the emphasis on deregulation while Mahatir focused on privatization. In discussing these initiatives, this paper reaches two conclusions. First, crises give birth to liberalization because they disturb the delicate balance between the dual sectors in the Malaysian political economy and this can only be restored through liberalization and openness. Second, the different directions of the reforms are attributed to differences in the structure of political competition. Under pressure from the co-existence of inter-racial and intra-racial competition, Najib resorted to rule-building through deregulation so as to strike a balance among different political groups. Mahatir, however, only faced intra racial competition and could build up his personal network through privatization.
以文找文
期刊論文
1.
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Ahmad, Zakaria Haji(1986)。Malaysia in 1984: The Beginnings of Sagas。Asian Survey,26(2),150-157。
3.
Athukorala, Prema-chandra、Waglé, Swarnim(2011)。Foreign Direct Investment in Southeast Asia: Is Malaysia Falling Behind?。ASEAN Economic Bulletin,28(2),115-133。
4.
Case, William(200502)。Malaysia: New Reforms, Old Continuities, Tense Ambiguities。Journal of Development Studies,41(2),284-309。
5.
Case, William(2013)。Malaysia in 2012: A Non-Election Year。Asian Survey,53(1),134-141。
6.
Doraisami, Anita(201211)。Economic crisis and policy response in Malaysia: the role of the new economic policy。Asia Pacific Economic Literature,26(2),41-53。
7.
Gomez, Edmund Terence(199706)。Privatized Patronage: The Economics and Politics of Privatization in Malaysia。Journal of Asia-Pacific Economy,2(2),178-200。
8.
Ho, Khai Leong(199212)。Dynamics of Policy-Making in Malaysia: the Formulation of the New Economic Policy and the National Development Policy。Asian Journal of Public Administration,14(2),204-227。
9.
Lee, John(201102)。Malaysian Dilemma: The Enduring Cancer of Affirmative Action。Foreign Policy Analysis,6,1-20。
10.
Abidin, Mahani Zainal、Loke, Wai Heng(2008)。Revealed Comparative Advantage of Malaysian Exports: The Case for Changing Export Composition。Asian Economic Papers,7(3),130-147。
11.
Mauzy, Diane K.(198702)。Malaysia in 1986: The Ups and Downs of Stock Market Politics。Asian Survey,27(2),231-241。
12.
O'Shannassy, Michael(201101)。Malaysia in 2010。Asian Survey,51(1),173-185。
13.
Mauzy, Diane K.(1988)。Malaysia in 1987: Decline of 'The Malay Way'。Asian Survey,28(2),213-222。
14.
Milne, R. S.(1986)。Malaysia--Beyond the New Economic Policy。Asian Survey,26(12),1364-1382。
15.
Nambiar, Shankaran(200907)。Revisiting Privatization in Malaysia: The Importance of Institutional Process。Asian Academy of Management Journal,14(2),21-40。
16.
Ong, Kian Ming(201101)。Malaysia in 2010: Resurgent Najib and BN, Stumbling Anwar and PR。Southeast Asian Affairs,2011,131-157。
17.
Singh, Hari(1991)。Political Change in Malaysia: The Role of Semangat 46。Asian Survey,31(8),712-728。
18.
Stafford, D.、Geoffrey S. D.(1997)。Malaysia's new economic policy and the global economy: The evolution of ethnic accommodation。The Pacific Review,10(4),556-580。
19.
Toh, Kin Woon(198903)。Privatization in Malaysia: Restructuring or Efficiency?。ASEAN Economic Bulletin,5(3),242-258。
20.
Von der Mehden, Fred R.(198202)。Malaysia in 1981: Continuity and Change。Asian Survey,22(2),212-218。
21.
Von der Mehden, Fred R.(1992)。Malaysia in 1991: Economic Growth and Political Consolidation。Asian Survey,32(2),111-118。
22.
Menon, Jayant(201204)。Malaysia’s Investment Malaise: what happened and can it be fixed?。ADB Economics Working Paper Series,312,1-17。
23.
Rodrik, Dani(1996)。Understanding Economic Policy Reform。Journal of Economic Literature,34(1),9-41。
24.
Haggard, S.、Webb, S. B.(1993)。What Do We Know about the Political Economy of Economic Policy Reform?。The World Bank Research Observer,8(2),143-168。
會議論文
1.
Ismail, Fraziali(20120718)。Current Economic Developments and Challenges。SSO Conference。Penang。
研究報告
1.
Anazawa, Makoto(198512)。Free Trade Zones in Malaysia。HUSCAP。
2.
Athukorala, Prema-chandra(201010)。Malaysian Economy in Three Crises。Arndt-Corden Department of Economics, Crawford School of Economics and Government, ANU College of Asia and the Pacific。
學位論文
1.
Lee, Jae Hyon(2005)。UMNO Factionalism and the Politics of Malaysian National Identity(博士論文)。Murdoch University,Australia。
2.
Noorul, Ainur Mohd(2003)。Privatization in Malaysia at Crossroads: Politics and Efficiency(博士論文)。City University of New York,USA。
圖書
1.
Bank Negara(2007)。Annual Report 2006。Kuala Lumpur:Bank Negara。
2.
Bank Negara(2008)。Annual Report 2007。Kuala Lumpur:Bank Negara。
3.
Bank Negara(2009)。Annual Report 2008。Kuala Lumpur:Bank Negara。
4.
Bank Negara(2010)。Annual Report 2009。Kuala Lumpur:Bank Negara。
5.
Bank Negara(2011)。Annual Report 2010。Kuala Lumpur:Bank Negara。
6.
Bank Negara(2012)。Annual Report 2011。Kuala Lumpur:Bank Negara。
7.
Bank Negara(2013)。Annual Report 2012。Kuala Lumpur:Bank Negara。
8.
Jesudason, James V.(1989)。Ethnicity and the Economy: the State, Chinese Business, and Multinationals in Malaysia。New York:Oxford University。
9.
Okposin, Samuel Bassey、Cheng, Ming Yu(2000)。Economic Crises in Malaysia: Causes, Implications, and Policy Prescriptions。London:ASEAN Academic Press。
10.
Permandu(2012)。Economic Transformation Programme: Annual Report 2011。Putrajaya:Permandu。
11.
Permandu(2013)。Economic Transformation Programme: Annual Report 2012。Putrajaya:Permandu。
12.
Tan, Jeff(2008)。Privatization in Malaysia: Regulation, rent-seeking and policy failure。London:Routledge。
13.
Department of Statistics(2012)。International Investment Position: Malaysia 2011。Putrajaya:Department of Statistics, Department of Statistics Malaysia。
14.
Department of Statistics(2013)。Annual Gross Domestic Product: 2005-2012。Putrajaya:Department of Statistics, Department of Statistics Malaysia。
15.
Goh, Soo Khoon、Lim, Michael Mah-Hui(2010)。The Impact of Global Financial Crisis: The Case of Malaysia。Penang:Third World Network。
16.
MATRADE(20100205)。Malaysia External Trade Statistics December 2009。Kuala Lumpur:Malaysia External Trade Development Corporation。
17.
MATRADE(20110202)。Malaysia Trade Performance in 2010。Kuala Lumpur:Malaysia External Trade Development Corporation。
18.
MATRADE(20130208)。Malaysia External Trade Statistics December 2012。Kuala Lumpur:Malaysia External Trade Development Corporation。
19.
Gomez, Edmund Terence、Jomo, K. S.(1997)。Malaysia's Political Economy: politics, patronage, and profits。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。
20.
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development(2013)。World Investment Report 2013。United Nations Conference on Trade and Development。
21.
Gourevitch, Peter Alexis(1986)。Politics in Hard Times: Comparative Responses to International Economic Crises。Cornell University Press。
22.
Pasvolsky, Leo(1928)。Economic nationalism of the Danubian states。New York:Allen & Unwin。
其他
1.
Wong, Terence(20110706)。ETP Updated--Strategic Reform Initiatives: ImprovingMalaysia’s Competitiveness,http://etp.pemandu.gov.my/upload/AR_CIMB_Improving_Malaysias_competitiveness.pdf。
2.
Foreign Direct Investment: Net (BOP, US dollar) in Malaysia,http://www.tradingeconomics.com/malaysia/foreign-direct-investment-net-bop-usdollar-wb-data.html, 2013/12/31。
3.
Malaysia Government Debt To GDP,http://www.tradingeconomics.com/malaysia/government-debt-to-gdp, 2014/01/03。
4.
Malaysia Stock Market (FTSE KLCI),http://www.tradingeconomics.com/malaysia/stock-market, 2014/01/03。
5.
Quah, Boon Huat(20090202)。Malaysia’s Stimulus Package not aggressive enough?,http://www.mier.org.my/newsarticles/archives/pdf/quah2_02_2009.pdf。
6.
New Department to replace Foreign Investment Committee,http://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/7/1/business/4230194。
7.
17 services sub-sectors to be liberalised further,http://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2011/10/8/business/9657775。
8.
Liberalisation of services sub-sectors may happen next month,http://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2011/12/19/business/10122023。
9.
(20090423)。Services sector liberalized,http://www.thesundaily.my/node/156507。
10.
(20100727)。慕尤丁:投資發展局成立委會‧最短1天批准投資申請,http://news.sinchew.com.my/node/169730。
延伸查詢
11.
(20110406)。慕克里:工業發展局或改名,http://news.sinchew.com.my/topic/node/207563?tid=1。
延伸查詢
12.
(20130914)。納吉:回報大選支持‧強化土著經濟,http://news.sinchew.com.my/node/323021。
延伸查詢
13.
(20131016)。不滿批國陣重返種族政策‧馬哈迪抨《經濟學人》,http://news.sinchew.com.my/node/328578。
延伸查詢
14.
Bernama(20100228)。Malaysia: Malay NGO form consultative council to defend Malay rights, Islam,www.twocircles.net/node/190038。
15.
BP。Oil prices,http://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/about-bp/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy-2013/review-by-energy-type/oil/oil-prices.html, 2014/01/03。
16.
Chooi, Clara(20110408)。Najib backing MACC in latest tragedy, says Kit Siang,http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/najib-backing-macc-in-latest-tragedy-says-kit-siang。
17.
Department of Statistics。Principal Statistics of External Trade, 1967-2010, Malaysia,http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_Economics/files/DATA_SERIES/2011/pdf/03Perdagangan_luar_negeri.pdf, 2013/12/31。
18.
(20130928)。Bumi, not booming: the ruling party returns to its old habits of race-based handouts,http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21586864-ruling-party-returns-its-oldhabits-race-based-handouts-bumi-not-booming。
19.
Jomo, K. S.,Syn, Tan Wooi。Privatization and Re-Nationalization in Malaysia: A Survey,http://www.jomoks.org/research/pdf/IPD_Privatization_Renationalization.pdf, 2013/12/31。
20.
Lee, Heng Guie(20120403)。ETP 2012 Annual Report--A for Transformation,http://etp.pemandu.gov.my/annualreport/upload/20120403_CIMB.pdf。
21.
Lim, Teck Ghee(20100618)。Where is the NEM in the 10th Plan,http://english.cpiasia.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1951:where-is-the-nem-in-the-10thplan&catid=141:lim-teck-ghees-contribution&Itemid=93。
22.
MATRADE(20120209)。Malaysia External Trade Statistics December 2011,Kuala Lumpur:Malaysia External Trade Development Corporation。,http://www.matrade.gov.my/documents/Press_release_Dec_11_Eng.pdf。
23.
Mazwin, Nik Anis,Teh, Eng Hock(20090427)。Financial sector liberalization,http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?sec=nation&file=/2009/4/27/nation/20090427131217。
24.
Mdm, Wan Suraya(20130227)。Malaysia’s Liberalisation of Services Sector and Business Opportunities,http://www.iesingapore.gov.sg/~/media/IE%20Singapore/Files/Events/iAdvisory%20Series/Malaysia/6_Liberalisation_of_service_sectors_and_business_opportunities.pdf。
25.
Merdeka Center(20100709)。Malaysian Political Values Survey 2010 Public Opinion Poll: Highlights of Findings, January-April 2010,http://www.merdeka.org/v2/。
圖書論文
1.
MacIntyre, Andrew、Pempel, T. J.、Ravenhill, John(2008)。East Asia in the Wake of the Financial Crisis。Crisis as Catalyst: Asia's Dynamic Political Economy。Ithaca, New York:Cornell University Press。
2.
Felker, Greg、Jomo, K. S.(2007)。Investment Policy in Malaysia。Malaysian Industrial Policy。Singapore:NUS press。
3.
Haggard, Stephen、Kaufman, Robert(1992)。Introduction。The Politics of Economic Adjustment: International Constraints, Distributive Conflicts, and the State。Princeton:Princeton University。
4.
Sundaram, Jomo Kwame(2007)。Industrialization and Industrial Policy in Malaysia。Malaysian Industrial Policy。NUS press。
5.
Khoo, Boo Teik(2006)。Malaysia: Balancing Development and Power。The Political Economy of Southeast Asia: Markets, Power, and Contestation。New York:Oxford University。
6.
Lee, Hwok-Aun(2007)。Industrial Policy and Inter-Ethnic Redistribution in Malaysia: Industrial Development and Equity Ownership, 1975-1997。Malaysian Industrial Policy。Singapore:NUS press。
7.
Nelson, Joan M.(1990)。Introduction: The Politics of Economic Adjustment in Developing Nations。Economic Crisis and Policy Choice: The Politics of Adjustment in the Third World。Princeton:Princeton University。
8.
Saravanamuttu, Johan(2008)。A Tectonic Shift in Malaysian Politics。March 8: Eclipsing May 13。Singapore:ISEAS。
9.
Stallings, Barbara(1992)。International influence on economic policy: Debt, stabilization and structural reform。The Politics of Economic Adjustment: International Constraints, Distributive Conflicts, and the State。Princeton University Press。
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