Archaeological sites in the Karama River Valley have produced important information about the dating and context of the first Austronesian-speaking groups in Sulawesi of Indonesia, notably at the Kamansi Site in Kalumpang. A horizon of red-slipped pottery indicates the emergence of a Neolithic group, followed by continued occupation and cultural change. Radiocarbon dating at each site has been problematic, but an overall regional chronology has been possible. The pottery types and other findings can be coordinated with a larger regional chronology in Sulawesi, based on radiocarbon dates of stratigraphic layers and their associated artifacts. Research by Balai Arkeologi Makassar now can affirm the assumption of a shared settlement chronology at the Kamansi Site and others in the Karama River Valley. The Karama River Valley contains several sites with red-slipped pottery and other materials that generally are understood as markers of the early Neolithic Period in Indonesia, dating as old as 3500-3000 years ago. Prior to this time, no pottery is evident in the hunter-gatherer sites with stone tools and other assemblages, so the pottery-bearing sites represent a significant change in the local material culture. After this time, the pottery sequence continues without interruption through Neolithic, Iron Age, and historical periods. The Neolithic pottery-bearing sites in this region consist mostly of cultural deposits along the sides of the large Karama River. Elevations today vary above the flood-level of the river, but the original cultural use in some cases may have been rather close to the edge of the river. Natural effects of the river have made some difficulties in finding the buried sites today. Additional problems have occurred in possible disturbance of ancient cultural layers, but the cultural layers in many cases in fact are sealed and protected beneath material of river-flooding events. The Kamansi Site offered an opportunity to examine a stratigraphic sequence of this early Neolithic period in Indonesia. In 2011, a new test excavation was 1 by 1 m in size, and it extended to a depth of 2 m. The exposed stratigraphy revealed a distinct layer of the oldest red-slipped pottery along with stone and shell remains, followed by later layers of slightly different pottery and other materials. The excavation ended at 2 m depth, within a layer definitely pre-dating a cultural context in this setting. The new findings include varieties of red-slipped pottery, other non-slipped plain pottery, stone adze material and flaking debris, stone axes, shell and stone bracelets and other ornaments, burnishing stones, a unique type of greenstone bead, and other objects. Most importantly, the items were found in a stratigraphic order. These new results give more precision for understanding the early Neolithic chronology of the region. For example, the earliest time was characterized by redslipped pottery, and a slightly later time was characterized by plain non-slipped pottery. Other types of artifactsand midde canbe addedto this two-part distinction in the Neolithic period. Furthermore, this information allows a more detailed appreciation of the emergence of Austronesian culture in Indonesia as realted with other regions.