南海因其重要的地理位置，在東南亞各國的戰略和經濟上占有舉足輕重的意義，使得南海諸島以及南海海域逐步受到周邊區域內外諸國所關注。自20世紀70年代以來，南海諸島遭受周邊國家搶占瓜分，造成南海局勢混亂，因此產生南海問題，近期尤以中共和越南之間的南海衝突最為嚴重。近年來南海問題風波迭起，在所有聲稱對南海島嶼擁有主權的國家中，以越南表現尤為積極。儘管兩國在邊界與北部灣經過談判後得到解決，但在南沙群島的爭議上確遲遲懸而未決。論其中越兩國在共產意識型態、政治體制與經濟結構相似的情況下，本應結為兄弟之邦，但兩國關係卻不如想像中密切。中越歷經西沙海戰、中越戰爭和赤瓜礁海戰等軍事衝突影響，現今中越兩國為擴展海權不僅提升軍事力量，在外交上更是積極聯盟關係，尤其以美、俄、日、印等國的關係變化等，未來就國際環境而言，中越採取武力解決南海爭議的可能性較低，兩國經濟關係發展與政軍關係發展能否取得平衡，將是未來雙方關係維持的重要指標，值得後續密切觀察。

Due to the important geographical location, the South China Sea is important in strategy and economy of among south east Asian countries, and draws world attention. Since the 1970s, the South China Sea Islands were partitioned by neighboring countries, which resulted in chaos in this area. Therefore, the South China Sea issue, especially the dispute between China and Vietnam, has been crucial. Recently the issue of South China Sea has become a focus again. Vietnam is the most active country among those countries who claim sovereignty over the South China Sea Islands. Although China and Vietnam reached an agreement after negotiation in boundary and Gulf of Tonkin, disputes over South China Sea Islands have not been resolved. China and Vietnam should act like brothers under the same communist ideology, similar political system and economic structure. However, the relations between two countries was not as close as imagined. In order to enhance its maritime power, after the Battle of the Paracel Islands, Sino-Vietnamese War, Johnson South Reef Skirmish and other military conflict, China and Vietnam not only enhance the military expansion, but also actively promote their diplomatic alliances, with focus on changes of relationship between ASEAN, the United States, Japan, India and other countries. In the future international environment, the possibility of conducting military forces for solving South China Sea disputes between China and Vietnam is relatively low. Whether the economic developments, political, and military relations are able to be balanced will be the essential index for future bilateral relations. We should keep an eye on this issue.