本研究目的旨在瞭解不同體育教學項目對國小學童體適能之差異。以高雄市樂群國小五年級學童為研究對象。經體適能檢測方式蒐集資料分析不同體育教學項目間差異情形。經描述性統計、相依樣本t考驗、獨立樣本t考驗、單因子變異數分析、Scheffe事後比較，所得結果如下：一、本研究不同體育教學課程有一般體育教學組、跳繩教學組、排球教學組。體適能檢測項目有：身體質量指數、坐姿體前彎、立定跳遠、一分鐘屈膝仰臥起坐、800公尺跑走。二、國小學童體適能在不同體育教學項目之差異比較。（一）一般體育教學組對國小學童體適能身體質量指數達顯著差異；柔軟度、爆發力、肌耐力、心肺耐力前後測皆未達顯著差異。（二）跳繩教學組及排球教學組對國小學童體適能項目柔軟度、爆發力、肌耐力、心肺耐力前後測皆達顯著差異。三、不同體育教學項目對國小學童體適能差異之比較。（一）不同體育教學項目對國小學童體適能身體質量指數、坐姿體前彎、立定跳遠、800公尺跑走前後測皆未達顯著差異。（二）不同體育教學項目對國小學童體適能一分鐘仰臥起坐，前後測達顯著差異。其中「跳繩教學組」優於「一般體育教學組」、「排球教學組」優於「一般體育教學組」。四、不同體育教學項目對國小男女學童體適能差異之比較。（一）不同體育教學項目對國小男女學童體適能身體質量指數、坐姿體前彎、立定跳遠前後測皆達顯著差異。（二）不同體育教學項目對國小男女學童體適能一分鐘仰臥起坐、800公尺跑走前後測未達顯著差異。

This study aims is to understand the effect factor of different physical teaching activities on the physical fitness of elementary school children. Study on the fifth grader of Kaohsiung Le-Chyun Elementary School; analyze the difference of different physical teaching activities by physical fitness tests to collect data. By descriptive statistics, dependent sample t test, independent sample t test, mono factor ANOVA, Scheffe after comparisons, the results are as follows: 1. This study of different physical teaching curriculum included general physical teaching team, jump rope teaching team and volleyball teaching team. The physical fitness tests included body mass index, sit and reach, standing long jump, one minute sit-ups and 800 meter running. 2. The difference of different physical teaching activities to the physical fitness of elementary school children. (1) The date of body mass index of physical fitness of elementary school children is found obviously different tested by general physical teaching team, but the data of flexibility, power, muscular endurance, cardiovascular endurance has no significant difference. (2) The activities of physical fitness of elementary school children as flexibility, power, muscular endurance, cardiovascular endurance, the data founded is obviously different tested by jump rope teaching team and volleyball teaching team. 3. The difference comparisons of different physical teaching activities to the physical fitness of elementary school children. (1) The data of body mass index, sit and reach, standing long jump, 800 meter running is not obviously different tested by different physical teaching activities to the physical fitness of elementary school children. (2) The test data of one minute sit-ups of different physical teaching activities has obvious difference to the physical fitness of elementary school children, jump rope team is better than general teaching team; volleyball team is also better than general teaching team. 4. Compare the difference of different physical teaching activities to the physical fitness of elementary school boys and girls. (1) The test data of Body mass index, sit and reach and standing long jump of different physical teaching activities is obvious different to the physical fitness of elementary school boys and girls. (2)The test data of one minute sit-ups and 800 meter running of different physical teaching activities is not obvious different to the physical fitness of elementary school boys and girls.