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題名:校園暴力行為之預防及處理策略模式研究
書刊名:教育心理學報
作者:鄔佩麗 引用關係
作者(外文):Wu, Peili
出版日期:1997
卷期:29
頁次:頁137-176
主題關鍵詞:校園暴行學生行為改變訓練教師效能訓練社會行為評量表行為違常攻擊替代訓練反威脅恐嚇校園政策Acting-out adolescenceStaff trainingSocial skills training program
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     本研究之主要目的,企圖從臺北市兩所國民中學的校園診斷結果(鄔佩麗、洪 儷瑜,民 85),針對我國現階段中等學校教育環境的校園暴行的現象,探索可以採用的有效 處理策略。研究者認為,要消弭學生的暴力行為,必須能提高學生用理性態度來面對其生活 環境裡必須面對的問題,而在此之前,首先必須要滿足學生在情感上的需要。因此,研究者 假設教師必須先做到接納學生的情緒,方能進一步幫助學生對自己的行為建立自我控制的能 力。本研究選定兩所研究學校 (分佈於傳統老舊社區與商業社區的國民中學各一所,前者稱 為甲校,後者稱為乙校。) 為了驗證研究者的假設,研究者在兩校分別擇定有威脅恐嚇或肢 體暴力行為的學生為研究對象,甲乙兩校各八位成員,並分別給予行為改變的團體訓練各五 次,每次為時約四十分鐘到一個半小時,然後對學生參加團體前後分別進行社會行為評量, 以量表上各分量表的分數變化觀察訓練效果。每位學生曾發生的攻擊行為事件均以教師用的 「威嚇 / 肢體暴力事件記錄表」分別記錄。 除了對此等學生進行「學生行為改變訓練」之 外,並邀請接受「教師效能訓練」的十八位教師能對此等學生提供團體外的協肋與引導,以 加強訓練效果。 評量工具為洪儷瑜 (民 85) 所編製的青少年社會行為評量表,分別採用自 評、同儕評、教師評等三種角度,評量的內容包括適應與不適應行為兩部份。適應行為的項 目類別為團體群性、 溝通技巧、主動、尊重 / 互惠、衝突處理、自我效能、與學習行為等 七種行為;不適應行為的項目類別為攻擊、違規、過動 / 衝動、退縮 / 膽怯、焦慮、人際 問題、與學習適應問題等七種行為。除了自評外,受評學生在兩次的評量中分別獲得五位同 儕以及兩位教師的評估結果。資料處理以受評學生在各分量表所得的前後測平均分數的差異 分別進行做配對 t 檢驗。 研究結果顯示,學生在參加團體訓練之後,學生對自己的行為有 正向的評估,尤其是在攻擊性行為有明顯減少的趨勢,而在主動與互惠的表現現上有明顯增 加的趨勢。從同儕所得到的評估,受評學生的適應行為增加,非適應行為減少,尤其是對衝 突事件的處理明顯表現出較為冷靜。但是,教師卻認為學生的非適應行為沒有變化,而適應行 為減少, 甚至在溝通技巧、主動、衝突處理的表現更加不好。簡單的說,本研究所採用的學 生訓練團體方案,對學生的行為能有影響效果。雖然教師觀察到學生違規的外顯行為增加, 但是教師不易察覺到學生的內隱行為,反而是學生本人及其同儕會注意到內隱行為有正向發 展的趨勢。本研究在甲乙兩校所進行的訓練結果歸納為以下幾點結論:1. 研究者假設學生的 暴力性行為可以在被接納、給予理性引導,終至建立適當的社會行為的觀點下所擬訂的學生 行為改變訓練方案,從社會行為評量結果顯示,已獲得相當程度的支持。 2. 接受教師效能 訓練的教師一致表示,訓練內容有助於其在教學上與學生產生正向的互動效果,但是對於授 予維護受評學生的正向行為表現穩定一職感到困窘,而未能如研究者所期待的進行個別引 導部份。 此點顯示,訓練方案的對象與時間安排猶待斟酌。3. 從受評學生的三種評量結果 顯示,學生對自己本身的看法與他人的觀察有所差距,因此,幫助學生能了解他人眼中的自 我意象會有助於學生改變自己行為的動機。 4. 從教師對受評學生的評估與學生的自評與他 評的結果呈正反兩極顯示,教師對學生的評價可能需要透過多種角度衡量,以免產生偏差現 象。 5. 從校園暴行診斷研究結果所提供的多模式策略,強調結合社區資源以消弭校園暴行 的建議,由於現階段的校園環境對學校組織觀念尚未建立,因此會造成執行上的瓶頸。本研 究建議另行自社區角度進行相關研究。簡而言之,無論是從學生本身或同儕的觀點,訓練對 學生會產生正面影響,而教師對學生的行為,似乎受到期許的影響較為採取負向評價。另外 在本研究中由於受限於時間,而未能將危機處理方案列入教師效能訓練中,以增強教師有信 心去引導受評學生的行為,此點可為其他研究列入重點考慮之一。
     The purpose of this paper is aimed to suggest strategies in treating antisocial behavior in junior high school, Following the result of Wu & Huang's study (1996), the author discussed the issue from a broad, ecolog-ical social- learning perspective. The major goal of this study is to commu-nicate and adapt the knowledge base for educators so that they can cope with the increase of aggressive students in our schools. Staff trainin and development, regarding the teaching social skills to delinguent youth and reducing their aggression, is also discussed. In this study, theoretical considerations led to the hypothesis that helping the acting-out adolescence to express the emotional problems and then guiding them to reasonable thinking would improve anti-social behav-ior. The investigation was condicted with two samples of junior high school student in Taipei. Eight incarcerated students from each schools were assigned to the Social Skills Group. All subjects were assessed before and after treatment on a variety of self-report scale, peer measures, and teacher measures on Adolescent social Behavior Rating Scale(ASBRS) (Huang, 1996). The social skills training program consists of instructions, modeling, role playing, videotaped feedback and social rein-forement etc. The effect of the training was examined in three dimensions with these sixteen adloescent offenders. The pair t-test of difference scores for the pre-and post measures indicated thst participants in the Social Skills Group improived signifi-cantly in certain target behaviors. Results indicated that appropriate inter-personal skills were learnedm inappropriate behaviors were reduced, and subjects' adjustment behaviors are improved. Although, teachers' rating showed no differences regarding the effectiveness of the training program,it was found that subjects' certain adjustment performance (affression, altruism, and enthusiam), according to self-report scale and peers' measures, were improved. However, it revealed that certain academic learn-ing skills were much harder to train. These findings confirmed this hypothesis. Finally, the significant result indicated that treatment had produced a meaningful impact on adjustment, although further behavior improvement was still possisble and desirable. Apparently, this empirical study can assist personnel in coping with this most difficult of behavior disorders.
期刊論文
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學位論文
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其他
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圖書論文
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