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題名:約翰.傅敖斯《丹尼爾.馬丁》中的流動時間和空間
作者:湯祥麟
作者(外文):TANG, HSIANG-LIN
校院名稱:國立高雄師範大學
系所名稱:英語學系
指導教授:廖本瑞
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2016
主題關鍵詞:敘述文時間空間時間的綜合永恆回歸NarrativeTimeSpaceSyntheses of TimeEternal Recurrence
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摘要
本論文旨在探討約翰.傅敖斯在《丹尼爾.馬丁》中所呈先出時間的各個面向。綜觀貫穿傅敖斯作品的種種主題,批評家對於時間的認識仍僅僅限於線性和循環性的討論。然而《丹尼爾.馬丁》的問世不僅宣告傅敖斯的成熟,更大膽地玩弄時間、敘述文和空間/地方於後現代的股掌間。雖然全球化的推波助瀾成就霎那間現在的延伸與擴張,與其相庭抗禮的卻是作品中虛無飄渺般敘述的現在。空間與地方幫助傅敖斯力抗以時間為主的認識論,巧妙地呼應愛因斯坦廣義相對論的時空概念。此外,德勒茲的超越經驗論顛覆時間的重覆性,指出唯一的相同即是不同。亦唯有尼采的超人方能超越死亡/存在的禁錮。
本論文共分為五章。第一章概述英國後現代主義代表作家傅敖斯的背景與養成。第二章論述傅敖斯如何以後現代之矛攻全球化中無限膨脹的現在之盾。第三章把空間/地方視為時間的前景,點出主人翁自私地以為的漂泊離散恰恰證明其扭曲的時間觀。第四章從德勒茲的時間三態出發,透過德勒茲對柏格森的批判,以及德勒茲對尼采永恆回歸的詮釋,連結文本與時間共同重覆中的差異。第五章總結時間與空間/地方的流動並勾勒出傅敖斯研究未來的方向與發展。
ABSTRACT
This dissertation devotes itself to an investigation of time and space/place in John Fowles’s Daniel Martin (1977). Among a series of universal themes surveyed by Fowlesian critics, time, to our surprise, is barely touched upon and confined mainly to two aspects: progressive and circular. The publication of Daniel Martin signals not only Fowles’s maturity as an accomplished novelist but also makes it possible to examine time and narrative as well as space/place in a postmodern fashion—playfulness. The expansion of the transient present in the process of globalization is replaced with the disappearance of the narrating present in the text. In defiance of the predominant time, Fowles foregrounds space and place in our time-telling. Chronotopography, echoing spacetime as proposed by Albert Einstein in the Theory of General Relativity, addresses the balance between space/place and time. In addition to these epistemological attempts, Gilles Deleuze’s transcendental empiricism questions our perception of time as repetition. Divested of representation, time as it is never repeats. Only Friedrich Nietzsche’s Overman is capable of looking at death as (non-)being. Likewise, Daniel Martin ends by beginning anew time and again.
There are five chapters in this dissertation. Chapter One gives a brief background introduction to Fowles’s growth and development as a postmodern novelist. Chapter Two begins with his postmodern stance and finds him mocking the exclusiveness of the present in the supremacy of globalization. Chapter Three foregrounds space/place in our conception of time, which pivots on “whole sight/site.” Dan’s self-imposing “placelessness” is as misleading as his adherence to “the present.” Chapter Four takes a new approach to deal with time in DM by way of Gilles Deleuze’s three syntheses of time: the living present, the pure past, and the pure form of time. Deleuze’s criticism of time results from Henri Bergson’s attack on spatialized time and resort to duration. Nietzsche’s doctrine of eternal recurrence salvages Deleuze from the repetitive death instinct. Chapter Five concludes this dissertation on a positive note that Fowles’s later work is worth reviving Fowlesian study.
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