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題名:反動論述和社會科學--臺灣威權主義時期的反民主論
書刊名:臺灣史研究
作者:吳乃德
作者(外文):Wu, Naiteh
出版日期:2001
卷期:8:1
頁次:頁125-161
主題關鍵詞:民主化政治改革威權主義意識型態合法化DemocratizationPolitical reformAuthoritarianismLegitimacyIdeology
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:2
  • 共同引用共同引用:37
  • 點閱點閱:206
     政治理念和意識型態是政治行為的重要動力,也是政治變遷或政治穩定的重要變數。Albert O. Hirschman在其名著The Rhetoric of Reaction中指出,現代世界中每一個進步性運動的過程中,都同時出現了反進步的反動論述。臺灣在威權統治時期中,也出現不少為獨裁體制辯護、攻擊民主改革要求的反動論述。其中部分論述的結構,和Hirschman所分析的歐美反動論述甚為相似。本文同時也討論臺灣反動論述的另一個特徵:社會科學理論和語言的大規模使用。臺灣第二波民主運動出現的時候,和美國社會科學引進臺灣知識界大約同時。這些理論和語言立即成了臺灣反民主論述的現成工具,包括「現代化理論」(民主政治以經濟發展為前提)、「政治衰敗論」(群眾的政治參與帶來的不是民主改革,而是政治動亂)、以及「政治文化論」(民主政治需要某種稱為民主文化的條件)等。本文討論了這些學術理論的使用和誤用。在臺灣我們幾乎可以說:沒有社會科學就沒有反動論述。臺灣社會科學發展史中這段不甚光榮的歷史,值得臺灣的社會科學家深思和反省。
     As man's political actions are significantly motivated by political ideas, ideology becomes one of the most important arenas in the political struggle. Albert O. Hirschman points out in his Rhetoric of Reaction that all progressive thrusts in the last two hundred years in Europe were followed by ideological conterthrusts, while although assaulting the different enemies have contained the same theses. In Taiwan during the authoritarian stage, some of those theses also became the backbone of the Kuomintang regime's propaganda against the demand for democratic reform. Focusing mainly on the political commentaries by scholar and journalists, this paper analyzes and discusses how some theories in American mainstream social sciences were used or abused on the assault of the democratic movement. These theories include, among others, the modernization theory, which presumes an economic prerequisite to democracy, political cultural theory, which argues prescribing a particular culture for the working of democracy, and theory of political decay, which sees mass participation only bringing about political disorder rather than democratic reform. This paper concludes with a call to social scientists for giving more consideration to the political and social context when promoting inconclusive theories and findings.
Other
1.華力進(1984)。談民主與人權者需先尊重法律:從政府宣布『公政會』應解散談起。  延伸查詢new window
2.賀永光(1985)。民主的挑戰。  延伸查詢new window
3.鄭興弟(1985)。全民不允「組黨」,「自決」無異「自絕」。  延伸查詢new window
期刊論文
1.Weil, F. D.(1989)。The Source and Structure of Legitimation in Western Democracies: A Consolidated Model Tested with Time-series Data in Six Countries since the World War II。American Sociological Review,54,682-706。  new window
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3.Diamond, Larry(1992)。Economic Development and Democracy Reconsidered。American Behavioral Scientist,35(4/5),450-499。  new window
4.Olson, Mancur, Jr.(1993)。Dictatorship, Democracy, and Development。The American Political Science Review,87,567-576。  new window
5.Anckar, Dag、Anckar, Carsten(2000)。Democracies without Parties。Comparative Politics,33(2),225-247。  new window
6.吳乃德(20001200)。人的精神理念在歷史變革中的作用--美麗島事件和臺灣民主化。臺灣政治學刊,4,57-103。new window  延伸查詢new window
7.Przeworski, Adam、Limongi, Fernando(1997)。Modernization: Theories and Facts。World Politics,49(2),155-183。  new window
8.Geddes, Barbara(1999)。What Do We Know about Democratization after Twenty Years?。Annual Review of Political Science,2(1),115-144。  new window
9.Ash, Timothy Garton(1998)。The Truth about Dictatorship。The New York Review of Books,45(3),35-40。  new window
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11.Garton Ash, Timothy(1990)。Eastern Europe: The Year of Truth。New York Review of Books,1990(2),17-22。  new window
12.Seligson, Mitchell A.、Muller, Edward N.(1994)。Civic Culture and Democracy: The Question of Causal Relationships。American Political Science Review,88(3),635-652。  new window
13.Przeworski, Adam(1975)。Institutionalization of Voting Patterns, or Is Mobilization the Source of Decay?。American Political Science Review,69,49-67。  new window
14.Bratton, Michael、Van de Walle, Nicolas(1992)。Popular Protest and Political Reform in Africa。Comparative Politics,419-442。  new window
15.Muller, Edward N.、Seligson, Mitchell A.(1994)。Civic Culture and Democracy: The Question of Causal Relationships。The American Political Science Review,88(3),635-652。  new window
16.Przeworski, Adam(1975)。Institutionalization of Voting Patterns, or Is Mobilization the Source of Decay?。The American Political Science Review,69,49-67。  new window
圖書
1.SEN, AMARTYA(1998)。DEVELOPMENT AS FREEDOM。  new window
2.Barry, Brian(1970)。Sociologists, Economists and Democracy。Chicago, IL:University of Chicago Press。  new window
3.Rohrschneider, Robert(1999)。Learning Democracy: Democratic and Economic Values in Unified Germany。New York:Oxford University Press。  new window
4.Barry, Brian M.(1970)。Sociologists, Economists, and Democracy。London:Collier-MacMillan Ltd.。  new window
5.Domhoff, G. William(1967)。Who Rules America?。New Jersey。  new window
6.Hirschman, Albert O.(1991)。The Rhetoric of Reaction: Perversity, Futility, and Jeopardy。Harvard University Press。  new window
7.呂秀蓮(1997)。重審美麗島。臺北市:前衛出版社。  延伸查詢new window
8.O'Donnell, Guillermo、Schmitter, Philippe(1987)。Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies。Baltimore, MD:Johns Hopkins University Press。  new window
9.金耀基(1984)。中國民主之困局與發展。臺北:時報文化。  延伸查詢new window
10.O'Donnell, Guillermo、Schmitter, Philippe C.(1986)。Transitions From Authoritarian Rules: Tentative Conclusions About Uncertain Democracies。Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University Press。  new window
11.Marshall, T. H.、Bottomore, T.(1992)。Citizenship and Social Class。Citizenship and Social Class. London: Pluto.。London, Concord (Mass.):Pluto Press。  new window
12.Dahl, Robert A.(1971)。Polyarchy: Participation & Opposition。New Haven, CT。  new window
13.Domhoff, William G.(1967)。Who Rules America?。Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:Prentice-Hall。  new window
14.Almond, Gabriel A.、Verba, Sidney(1963)。The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations。Princeton, New Jersey:Princeton University Press。  new window
15.Huntington, Samuel P.(1968)。Political Order in Changing Societies。Yale University Press。  new window
16.Mills, Charles Wright(1956)。The Power Elite。Oxford University Press。  new window
17.Hirschman, Albert O.(1981)。Morality and Social Sciences。Essays in Trespassing: Economics to Politics and Beyond。Cambridge。  new window
18.Lipset, S. M.(1983)。Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy。Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics。London, UK。  new window
19.金耀基(1985)。給民主添一點聲譽。金耀基社會文選。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
20.金耀基(1984)。中國民主之建構。中國民主之困局與發展。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
21.金耀基(1985)。民主為本,法治為先。金耀基社會文選。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
22.Bendix, Reinhard(1978)。King or People: Power and the Mandate to Rule。King or People: Power and the Mandate to Rule。Berkeley。  new window
23.Bermeo, Nancy(1999)。Myths of Moderation: Confrontation and Conflict During Democratic Transition。Transitions to Democracy。New York, NY。  new window
24.Finke, Steven E.、Sigelman, Lee、Humphries, Stan(1999)。Democratic Values and Political Tolerance。Measures of Political Attitudes。San Diego, CA。  new window
25.Zinn, Howard(2001)。The Uses of Scholarship。Howard Zinn on History。New York, NY。  new window
26.吳乃德(1994)。變動社會的政治秩序。變動社會的政治秩序。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
27.金耀基(1985)。民主為本,法治為先。金耀基社會文選。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
28.Bendix, Reinhard(1978)。King or People: Power and the Mandate to Rule。King or People: Power and the Mandate to Rule。Berkeley。  new window
29.Bermeo, Nancy(1999)。Myths of Moderation: Confrontation and Conflict During Democratic Transition。Transitions to Democracy。New York。  new window
30.Finke, Steven E.、Sigelman, Lee、Humphries, Stan(1999)。Democratic Values and Political Tolerance。Wrightman, Measures of Political Attitudes。San Diego。  new window
31.Garton Ash, Timothy(1990)。Eastern Europe: The Year of Truth。Life and Times of Michael K。New York。  new window
32.Hirschman, Albert O.(1981)。Morality and Social Sciences。Essays in Trespassing: Economics to Politics and Beyond。Cambridge。  new window
33.Hirschman, Albert O.(1991)。The Rhetoric of Reaction: Perversity, Futility, and Jeopardy。The Rhetoric of Reaction: Perversity, Futility, and Jeopardy。Cambridge。  new window
34.Lipset, Seymour M.(1983)。Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy。Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics。London。  new window
35.Rohrschneider, Robert(1999)。Learning Democracy: Democratic and Economic Values in Unified Germany。Learning Democracy: Democratic and Economic Values in Unified Germany。Oxford。  new window
36.Zinn, Howard(2001)。The Uses of Scholarship。Howard Zinn on History。New York。  new window
其他
1.王杏慶(1980)。臺獨之路走不通也不能走,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
2.王杏慶(1980)。暴力及法的的無政府主義,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
3.朱堅章(1983)。民主政治與理想主義,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
4.朱志宏(1983)。理性、寬容、進步:論今年增選立委對民主政治所展示之意義,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
5.任卓宣(1960)。民主自由人權與法律,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
6.李鴻禧(1980)。加速民主憲政、根絕暴亂淵源,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
7.邱垂亮(1983)。民主的腳步雖慢,但很紮實,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
8.孤影(1972)。一個小市民的心聲,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
9.孤影(1983)。自由是目的,民主是手段,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
10.胡佛(1983)。民主文化與民主建設,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
11.荊知仁(1979)。政治共識為達成溝通與互信的基礎,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
12.荊知仁(1979)。民主憲政的基礎與成功的條件,臺南。  延伸查詢new window
13.馬起華(1982)。建立政黨政治的正確觀念,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
14.馬起華(1983)。動員戡亂時期的民主憲政。  延伸查詢new window
15.唐光華(1980)。激越路線是民主憲政的大敵,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
16.陳慶(1980)。中國民主政治之展望,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
17.郭仁孚(1982)。臺灣的安全與民主問題:我對索拉茲對臺灣基本看法的異議,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
18.郭仁孚(1984)。非常的憲政與民主的苦心,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
19.彭懷恩(1979)。建立和而不同的政治體系,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
20.楊開煌(1982)。我們的共識,我們的命運:對當前『組黨』問題的淺見,臺南。  延伸查詢new window
21.蔣經國(1980)。全國擴大早餐會致詞,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
22.墨子刻(1983)。責任倫理與民主文化,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
23.薄慶玖(1985)。濫言「組黨」無助民主政治發展,臺南。  延伸查詢new window
24.關中(1978)。民主政治應有的基本認識,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.金耀基(1980)。政治發展與政治現代化的突破。中國現代化的歷程。臺北:時報出版公司。  延伸查詢new window
2.Almond, Gabriel A.(1980)。The Intellectual History of the Civic Culture Concept。The Civic Culture Revisited。Stanford:Boston, MA:Little, Brown。  new window
3.Diamond, Larry(1992)。Economic Development and Democracy Reconsidered。Reexamining Democracy: Essays in Honor of Seymour Martin Lipset。Sage Publications。  new window
 
 
 
 
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