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題名：人的精神理念在歷史變革中的作用--美麗島事件和臺灣民主化
書刊名：臺灣政治學刊
作者：吳乃德 引用關係
作者(外文)：Wu, Naiteh
出版日期：2000
卷期：4
頁次：頁57-103
主題關鍵詞：民主化；政治變遷；道德價值；理性選擇；蔣經國；Democratization；Political change；Moral value；Rational choice；Jiang Jing-guo
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(26) 博士論文(7) 專書(1) 專書論文(3)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:23
  • 共同引用共同引用:37
  • 點閱點閱:218
1980年代末期開始的民主化，是台灣當代政治發展最重要的現象。由於民主體制對政治生活的巨大影響，對民主化現象的解釋和分析在過去三十年間，成為美國政治學中最受重視的研究主題之一。本文指出：不論是美國或台灣本地學者對台灣民主化的解釋，在基本取向上，受到美國政治學者過度的影響；而在歷史真實的呈現上，則過度誇張了獨裁者蔣經國對台灣民主的貢獻。以上兩種論點都忽視了群眾及反對運動的參與者，其價值理念和行動對台灣民主化的重要貢獻。 本文同時也檢討當代美國政治學主流對人的政治行為的基本假設－「理性選擇模型」。該模型假設，人類政治行為最重要的動力是理性的利益考慮。此種假設忽視了，價值和理念在人類的政治行為中的重要角色。本文指出，源自群眾和民主運動參與者的價值理念和行動，是台灣民主化最重要的動力。在民主運動於美麗島事件中受獨裁政權嚴厲壓制之後，一般群眾和運動參與者對價值理念和行動的堅持，終於排除了獨裁政權再度訴諸武力的選擇。當武力壓制的選項被排除，唯一的選擇就是民主妥協。這種以價值理念為基礎的政治行動，是台灣民主化最重要的動力；然而卻是最被忽視、最少被研究的現象。
Democratic transition has been one of the most researched topics in the American political science in the past several decades. As Taiwanese politics was transformed in the late 1980's to democracy, the case also gained wide attention from both the American and local scholars. This paper points out that the literature on democratic transition in Taiwan case, some have followed too closely, or applied indiscreetly, the arguments of American political scientists in explaining Latin American cases. Secondly, others have given too much credit to the role of the dictator Jiang Jing-guo. These two flaws resulted in a distortion of historical reality and also the overlook of an important factor: the role of political idealism and the effort motivated by that idealism on the part of the mass and activists in democratic struggle. This paper also discusses the problems of an assumption about human Political behavior in the mainstream American political science, namely the rational choice model. The model by giving no place to the role of value and idealism in human political behaviors fails to explain the pivotal role of human agency in many political and social transformations. Taking the case of Taiwan as an example, this paper shows how the idealism on the part of the common people and activists in the democratic movement has contributed to the great political transformation. After the severe repression on the democratic movement In 1979, the unexpected growth of the movement has removed the option of repression by the authoritarian regime. A democratic compromise thus was achieved.
期刊論文
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3.Karl, Terry Lynn(1990)。Dilemmas of Democratization in Latin America。Comparative Politics，23(1)，1-23。  new window
4.吳乃德(19890300)。搜尋民主化的動力：兼談民主轉型的研究取向。臺灣社會研究季刊，2(1)，145-161。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.郭正亮(19960900)。李登輝現象：政治領導與政黨轉型。東吳政治學報，6，203-231。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.Chou, Yangsun、Nathan, Andrew J.(1987)。Democratizing Transition in Taiwan。Asian Survey，27(3)，277-299。  new window
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13.Walzer, Michael(1963)。Puritanism as a Revolutionary Ideology。History and Theory，3(1)，59-90。  new window
圖書
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4.Arendt, Hannah(1964)。Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil。New York, NY：Penguin。  new window
5.Chong, D.(2000)。Rational Lives: Norms and Values in Politics and Society。Chicago, IL：University of Chicago。  new window
6.Berlin, Isaiah、Hardy, Henry(1996)。The Sense of Reality。New York, NY：Farrar, Straus and Giroux.。  new window
7.Hirschman, Albert O.(1991)。The Rhetoric of Reaction: Perversity, Futility, and Jeopardy。Harvard University Press。  new window
8.Kritz, Neil J.(1995)。Transitional Justice: How Emerging Democracies Reckon with Former Regimes。Washington, DC：United States Institute of Peace Press。  new window
9.McAdam, Douglas(1988)。Freedom Summer。New York, NY：Oxford University Press。  new window
10.Moore, Barrington Jr.(1978)。Injustice: The Social Bases of Obedience and Revolt。White Plains, New York：M. E. Sharpe。  new window
11.Dickson, Bruce J.(1997)。Democratization in China and Taiwan: The Adaptability of Leninist Parties。Oxford：Oxford University Press。  new window
12.王力行、汪士淳(1997)。寧靜中的風雨：蔣孝勇的真實聲音。臺北：天下文化。  延伸查詢new window
13.汪士淳(1999)。忠與過：情治首長汪希苓的起落。臺北：遠見天下文化出版股份有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
14.Barry, Brian(1978)。Sociologists, Economists, and Democracy。Chicago, IL：University of Chicago Press。  new window
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17.Scott, James C.(1990)。Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts。Yale University Press。  new window
18.Almond, Gabriel A.、Verba, Sidney(1963)。The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations。Princeton, New Jersey：Princeton University Press。  new window
19.Wu, Jaushieh Joseph(1995)。Taiwan's Democratization: Forces Behind the New Momentum。New York：Hong Kong：Oxford：Oxford University Press。  new window
20.Holmes, Stephen(1995)。Passions and Constraint: on the Theory of Liberal Democracy。Chicago, Illinois：University of Chicago Press。  new window
21.Chu, Yun-han(1992)。Crafting Democracy in Taiwan。Taipei：Institute for National Policy Research。  new window
22.Huntington, Samuel Phillips(1991)。The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century。University of Oklahoma Press。  new window
23.Hirschman, Albert O.(1977)。The Passions and the Interests: Political Arguments for Capitalism before Its Triumph。Princeton University Press。  new window
24.Chao, Linda、Myers, Ramon H.(1998)。The First Chinese Democracy: Political Life in the Republic of China on Taiwan。Johns Hopkins University Press。  new window
25.Dasgupta, Partha、Maskin, Eric(1999)。Democracy and other Goods。Democracy's Value。Cambridge。  new window
26.金耀基(1985)。給民主添一點聲譽。金耀基社會文選。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
27.金耀基(1990)。「後蔣經國時代」臺灣面臨的考驗。兩岸中國民主的反思。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
28.金耀基(1990)。蔣經國先生的偉大志業。兩岸中國民主的反思。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
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30.金耀基(1992)。中國政治傳統與民主轉化。中國社會與文化。香港。  延伸查詢new window
31.余英時(1993)。急不得也緩不得。民主與兩岸動向。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
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44.Mansbridge, Jane J.(1990)。The Rise and Fall of Self-Interest in the Explanation of Political Life。Beyond Self-Interest。Chicago, IL。  new window
45.Orren, Gary R.(1990)。Beyond Self-Interest。Power of Public Ideas。Cambridge。  new window
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48.Ruston, Dankwart A.(1999)。Transition to Democracy: toward a Dynamic Model。Transitions to Democracy。New York, NY。  new window
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50.Tismaneanu, Vladimir(1998)。Fantasies of Revolution: Democracy, Nationalism, and Myth in Post-Communist Europe。Fantasies of Revolution: Democracy, Nationalism, and Myth in Post-Communist Europe。Princeton。  new window
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圖書論文
1.Nathan, A. J.、Ho, J. V. S.(1993)。Chiang Ching-Kuo's Decision for Political Reform。Chiang Ching-Kuo's Leadership in the Development of the Republic of China on Taiwan。New York：University Press of America。  new window
2.林佳龍(1999)。解釋臺灣的民主化：政體類型與精英的策略選擇。兩岸黨國體制與民主發展：哈佛大學東西方學者的對話。臺北：月旦。  延伸查詢new window
3.Chirot, Daniel(1991)。What Happened in Eastern Europe in 1989。The Crisis of Leninism and the Decline of the Left: the Revolutions of 1989。Seattle,Washington：University of Washington Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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