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題名：WISC-Ⅲ簡式「多重版本-多重樣本-多重方法」之智商估計效度研究
書刊名：測驗年刊
作者：陳心怡 引用關係／楊宗仁 引用關係／朱建軍／張本聖 引用關係
作者(外文)：Chen, Hsin-yi／Yang, Tsung-ren／Zhu, Jian-jun／Chang, Ben-shang
出版日期：2002
卷期：49:2
頁次：頁155-182
主題關鍵詞：魏氏兒童智力量表；簡式版本；效度；臺灣常模；臨床樣本；WISC-Ⅲ；Short form；Validity；Taiwan norm；Clinical samples
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　　　　　魏氏兒童智力量表第三版(WISC-III)是國內重要的個別化智力測驗工具之一，然而，實務工作者往往因施測時間較長而選擇施測簡式版本。鑒於國內對於WISC-III簡式版本之建立及信效度研究仍然不足，本研究以「多重版本-多重樣本-多重方法」之方式，針對WISC-III簡式版本之智商估計效度進行實證分析。研究包含有五組簡式組合;五組獨立兒童樣本:「WISC-III標準化常模樣本，N=1,100」、「智能障礙兒童，n=70」、「自卑症兒童，n=65」、「學障兒童，n=100」、「注意力缺陷過動症兒童，n=22」;與三種智商估計方法:「比例估計法」、「線性轉換法」、「線性迴歸法」。針對上述每一組合，計算「估計智商」和「全量表智商」之相關係數、差異分數期本率、分類決定一致性等統計指標來探討其臨床效度。主要研究發現為:(1)「線性迴歸報」是智商估計誤差最小之方法，雖在計算上稍嫌不便，然其準確度明顯最高，是必要之做計方法;(2)「估計智商」與「全量表智商」之相關係數普遍均高(多數在.90以上)，但二分數間卻存有明顯差異，且分類決定一致性百分比亦有差距，故不宜單以相關係數作為簡式版本取決之標準;(3)不同簡式版本在各兒童樣本中所呈現之效度並不一致，建議可對不同組別兒童採用不同簡式版本，以提升估計準確度。而對於一般兒童一些特殊性尚未確定之兒童，建議使用「詞彙、類同、圖形設計、連環圖系」這組臨床效度表現最佳的組合，唯若實務工作者極度強調簡式版本施測與計分便易性之重要，則可考慮「類同、算術、圖形設計、圖畫補充」這一組整體表現稍差，但仍達一定水準之組合。惟，簡式版本仍遠不如完整版本之量表，不但在估計智商時會有誤差存在，且對於受測者的認知能力了解有限，只商合在非不得已時用於初節之篩選，不宜做為正式之診斷，因此當需使用簡式版本時，對於測驗結果之解釋應用審慎小心，方能避免對受試兒童造成不利影響。
　　　　　 The Wechsler Intelligence Scale, Third Edition (WISC-III) is one of the most important individualized IQ test in Taiwan. However, its’ long testing time has been a bothersome factor. Study with「Multi-Form/Multi-Sample/Multi-Method」design was conducted to investigate the clinical validities for possible short form solutions. A total of 5 short forms, 5groups of independent samples, and 3 different statistic methods were combined. For each combination, the correlation between estimated IQ and the full scaled IQ (FSIQ); the base rate of the difference between the estimated IQ and the FSIQ; and the accuracy for classification were all calculated. Major findings were:(1)linear regression is the best among all three statistic methods, which shows the best accuracy in FSIQ estimation;(2)The correlations between estimated IQ and the FSIQ are high for almost all combinations (majority are in the .90s), however, large difference does exist between those two scores. Decisions for short form selection thus could not be made based on the correlation coefficient only.(3)The performance of each short forms varies among different children samples, in order to ensure the accuracy for FSIQ estimation, it was suggested that different short form could be used for different clinical sample in the future. However, at this moment, 「Vocabulary、Similarity、Block Design、Picture Arrangement」is the best choice for groups with high heterogeneity. The combination of 「Similarity、Arithmetic、Block Deign、Picture Completion」could also be considered while the scoring convenience become the ton consideration. Nonetheless, practitioners have to realize that there are no perfect short forms, error does exist whenever a short form was used to estimate FSIW. Thus, in order not to hurt the child being tested, sort from should be used and explained in and extremely careful manner.
期刊論文
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3.Siegel, D. J.、Minshew, N. J.、Goldstein, G.、Siegel, D. M.(1996)。Wechsler IQ profiles in diagnosis of high-functioning autism。Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders，26(4)，389-406。  new window
4.Watkins, M. W.、Kush, J. C.、Glutting, J. J.(1997)。Discriminant and predictive validity of the WISC-III ACID profile among children with learning disabilities。School Psychology，34(4)，309-319。  new window
5.Tellegen, A.、Briggs, P. F.(1967)。Old wine in new skins: Grouping Wechsler subtests into new scales。Journal of Consulting Psychology，31(5)，499-506。  new window
6.孟瑛如、陳麗如(20000300)。學習障礙學生在魏氏兒童智力量表上顯現之特質研究。特殊教育季刊，74，1-11。new window  延伸查詢new window
7.Cyr, J. J.、Brooker, B. H.(1984)。Use of appropriate formulas for selecting WAIS-R short forms。Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology，52，903-905。  new window
8.Doppelt, J. E.(1956)。Estimating the full scale score on the Wechsler adult intelligence scale from scores on four subtests。Journal of consulting psychology，20，63-66。  new window
9.Grossman, I.、Mednitsky, S.、Dennis, B.、Scharff, L.、Kaufman, A. S.(1993)。Validation of an amazingly short form of the WAIS-R for a clinically depressed sample。Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment，11，173-181。  new window
10.Kaufman, A. S.(1972)。A short form of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of intelligence。Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology，39，361-369。  new window
11.Kaufman, A. S.(1976)。A four-test short form of the WISC-R。Contemporary Educational Psychology，1，180-196。  new window
12.Kaufman, A. S.、Ishikuma, T.、Kaufman-Packer, J. L.(1991)。Amazingly short forms of the WAIS-R。Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment，9，4-15。  new window
13.Reynolds, C. R.、Wilison, V. L.、Clark, P. L.(1983)。A four-test short form of the WAIS-R for clinical screening。Clinical Neuropsychology，5(3)，111-116。  new window
14.Silverstein, A. B.(1982)。Two- and four-subtest short forms of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale。Revised., Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology，50，415-418。  new window
15.Silverstein, A. B.(1990)。Short forms of individual intelligence tests。Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology，2，3-11。  new window
16.Thompson, A. P.(1987)。Methodological issues in the clinical evaluation of two-and four-subtest short forms of the WAIS-R。Journal of Clinical Psychology，43，142-144。  new window
17.陳心怡、楊宗仁(20000700)。WISC-III分測驗特殊組型基本率研究：臺灣常模、學習障礙及注意力缺陷過動症兒童之比較。測驗年刊，47(2)，91-110。new window  延伸查詢new window
18.Lincolin, A. J.、Courchesne, E.、Kilman, B. A.、Elmasian, R.、Allen, M.(1988)。A study of intellectual abilities in high-functioning people with autism。Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders，18，505-523。  new window
19.Moon, G. W.、Gorsuch, R. L.(1988)。Information inventory: The quicker quick test of intelligence。Journal of Clinical Psychology，44(2)，248-251。  new window
20.Brooker, B. H.、Cry, J. J.(1986)。Tables for Clinicians to Use to Cnvert WAIS-R Short Forms。Journal of Clinical Psychology，42，982-986。  new window
21.Prifitera, A.、Dersh, J.(1993)。Base rates of WISC-III diagnostic subtest patterns among normal, learning-disabled, and ADHD samples。Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment，43-55。  new window
22.柯永河、曾嫦嫦、蘇淑貞(1998)。WISC-III在臺灣臨床上之適用性探討。中華心理衛生學刊，11(1)，1-9。new window  延伸查詢new window
23.陳心怡(2000)。臺灣兒童認知能力之性別差異與其發展趨勢之探討：以魏氏兒童智力測驗常模為研究對象。行政院國家科學委員會研究彙刊：人文及社會科學，10(2)，201-216。  延伸查詢new window
24.Axelrod, B. N.(2001)。Administration duration for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III and Wechsler Memory Scale-III。Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology，16，293-301。  new window
25.Ryan, J. J.、Lopez, S. J.、Werth, T. R.(1998)。Administration time estimates for WAIS-III subtests, scales, and short forms in a clinical sample。Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment，16，315-323。  new window
26.陳心怡(2002)。臺灣魏氏成人智力量表第三版（WAIS-III）施測時間估計及其影響因素研究。測驗年刊，49(1)，39-50。new window  延伸查詢new window
27.鄭玲宜、王珮芳、郭乃文、徐道昌(1991)。以迴歸模式建立之簡式中文魏氏兒童智力量表。復健醫學會雜誌，19，111-116。  延伸查詢new window
28.Arceneaux, J. M.、Cheramie, G. M.、Smith, C. W.(1996)。Gender differences in WAIS-R age corrected scaled scores。Perceptual and Motor Skills，83，1211-1215。  new window
29.Beiser, M.、Gotowiec, A.(2000)。Accounting for native/ non-native differences in IQ scores。Psychology in the schools，37(3)，237-252。  new window
30.Campbell, J. M.(1998)。Internal and External Validity of seven wechsler intelligence scale for children-third edition short forms in a sample of psychoatric inpatients。Psychological Assessment，10(4)，431-434。  new window
31.Cannery, S.、Katz, D.、Kaufman, A. S.、Kaufman, N. L.(1996)。Correlations between two short cognitive tests and a WISC-III short form using a sample of adolescent inpatients。Psychological Reports，78，1373-1378。  new window
32.Cravens, T. B.(1999)。Evaluation of Kaufman, Ishikuma, and Kaufman-Packer's short forms for use with psychiatric African American children。Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment，17，332-342。  new window
33.Kaufman, J. C.、Kaufman, A. S.、Balgopal, R.、McLean, J. E.(1996)。Comparison of three WISC-III short forms: Weighting psychometric, clinical, and practical factors。Journal of Clinical Child Psychology，25(1)，97-105。  new window
34.Kaufman, A. S.、Wang, J. J.(1992)。Gender, race, and education differences on the K-BIT at age 4 to 90。Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment，10，219-229。  new window
35.Paolo, A. M.、Ryan, J. J.、Ward, C.、Hilmer, C. D.(1996)。Different WAIS-R short forms and their relation to ethnicity。Personality and Individual Differences，21(6)，851-856。  new window
36.Plumridge, S.、Thompson, A.(1999)。Two- and four-subtest Short forms of the WAIS-R: A Comparative Validity Study with a Normal Sample。Psychological Reports，84，371-380。  new window
37.Wrad, L. C.(1990)。Prediction of verbal, performance, and full scale Iqs from seven subtests of the WAIS-R。Journal of Clinical Psychology，46(4)，436-440。  new window
會議論文
1.Kaufman, A. S.、Balgopal, R.、Kaufman, J. C.、McLean, J. E.(1994)。WISC-III short forms: psychometric properties vs. clinical relevance vs. practical utility。Nashville, TN。  new window
2.Herman, D. O.(1982)。Demographic factors in performance on the WAIS-R。Washington, DC。  new window
3.Reynolds, C. R.、Scholwinski, E. J.(1985)。Level-free ability patterns of black and white adults。Los Angeles, CA。  new window
圖書
1.Kaufman, A. S.(1990)。Assessing Adolescent and Adult Intelligence。Boston, MA：Allyn and Bacon。  new window
2.The Psychological Corporation(1999)。Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) Manual。San Antonio, TX：The Psychological Corporation。  new window
3.Sattler, J. M.(2001)。Assessment of Children: Cognitive Applications。San Diego, Calif.：J.M. Sattler。  new window
4.陳榮華(1997)。魏氏兒童智力量表指導手冊。臺北：中國行為科學社。  延伸查詢new window
5.Kaufman, A. S.(1994)。Intelligent Testing with the WISC-III。New York, NY：John Wiley & Sons, Inc.。  new window
6.Kaufman, A. S.、Lichtenberger, E. O.(2002)。Assessing adolescent and adult intelligence。Boston, MA：Allyn & Bacon。  new window
7.王振德(1999)。簡易個別智力量表實施手冊。簡易個別智力量表實施手冊。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
8.Adams, W.、Glutting, J. J.、Sheslow, D.(2000)。Wild Rnage Intelligence Test Manual。Wild Rnage Intelligence Test Manual。Wilmington, DE：Wild Range。  new window
9.Kaufman, A. S.、Kaufman, N. L.(1990)。Manual for Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (K-BIT)。Manual for Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (K-BIT)。Circle Pines, MN。  new window
其他
1.陳心怡，朱建軍，陳榮華(2002)。A Cross-cultural Validation of the WISC-III Factor Structure Using the Taiwan Standardization Sample，0。  new window
圖書論文
1.Harrison, P. L.(1990)。Mental Retardation, Adaptive Behavior Assessment, and Giftedness。Assessing Adolescent and Adult Intelligence。Needham, MA：Allyn and Bacon。  new window
 
 
 
 
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