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題名：單一行動者預設與政黨、派系競爭理論的建立--以單記非讓渡投票制下的選舉為例
書刊名：人文及社會科學集刊
作者：劉從葦 引用關係
作者(外文)：Liu, Tsung-wei
出版日期：2004
卷期：16:1
頁次：頁151-195
主題關鍵詞：理性抉擇理論；顯著理論；政黨位置測量；單一行動者；派系；Rational choice theory；Saliency theory；Measurement of party position；Unitary actor；Faction
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(7) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:6
  • 共同引用共同引用:39
  • 點閱點閱:34
　　　　　理性抉擇理論是方法論上個人主義的研究途徑，因此理性抉擇理論和單一行動者預設應該是不相容的。從博奕理論的觀點來看，一群有共同利益的自利個人不必然會合作去追求他們的共同利益。從社會選擇理論的觀點來看，聚合一群理性個人的偏好所產生的集體偏好不必然是理性的。然而，理性抉擇理論者所建立政黨競爭模型又大多預設政黨為單一行動者，而使得其模型與研究途徑自相矛盾。 另一方面，在理論測試上政黨位置的測量也有相同的問題。不論是專家調查或政見研究小組的測量都僅提供政黨在政策空間�堛熙璊@位置，而沒有政黨內部分歧的相關資訊。理論的自我矛盾加上測量的不足，使得政黨競爭理論的重新檢視變得十分重要。 集體行動與集體理性的問題使得在建立政黨競爭模型時必需考量政黨內部的分歧與衝突。可行的起始點之一為將派系競爭納入模型�堙C本研究以單記非讓渡投票制下的政黨競爭為例來討論如何建立同時考量政黨與派系競爭的理論模型。 除了理論的修正，政黨位置的測量也必須要能呈現政黨內部分歧的狀況，以避免理論與實證資料間的不相關而使得理論無法得到支持或被否證。本研究以臺灣立法委員選舉為例，說明如何測量個別候選人的位置並將其聚合來分別呈現政黨、派系的位置與同黨候選人在政策空間�堛漱嬪G情形。
　　　　　Rational choice theories are methodological individualism, so they are not compatible with the assumption of unitary actors. Game theorists argue that people who have interests in common would not necessarily cooperate. Social choice theorists demonstrate that preferences of collectives aggregated from individuals' preferences are not necessarily rational. However, parties are usually assumed to be unitary actors when rational choice theorists develop their models of party competition. This makes their models and approach contradictory. The measurements of party positions have the same problem. Both expert surveys and Manifesto Research Group provide party positions in the policy space without the information about intra-party conflicts. Therefore, it is crucial to rethink the theories of party competition and measurements of party positions. Because of the problems of collective action and collective rationality, intra-party conflicts must be considered when developing models of party competition. One of the possible starting points is to includefactions into the models. Electoral competition under the single non-transferable vote is used as an example in this research to show how to develop a model that includes both parties and factions. In addition to the revision of theories, the measurements of party positions should be improved to make the examination of models possible. This research discusses how to measure candidates, factions, and parties' positions in the elections of the Legislative Yuan in Taiwan and tests the theory against the data obtained.
期刊論文
1.Huber, J.、Inglehart, R.(1995)。Expert Interpretations of Party Space and Party Locations in 42 Societies。Party Politics，1(1)，73-111。  new window
2.Budge, Ian、Hofferbert, Richard I.(1990)。Mandates and Policy Outputs: U.S. Party Platforms and Federal Expenditures。American Political Science Review，84，111-131。  new window
3.Castles, F. G.、Mair, P.(1984)。Left-Right Political Scales: Some 'Expert' Judgements。European Journal of Political Research，12(1)，73-88。  new window
4.Laver, Michael、Gary, John(2000)。Estimating Policy Positions from Political Texts。American Journal of Political Science，44(3)，619-634。  new window
5.Gibbard, Allan(1973)。Manipulation of Voting Schemes: A General Result。Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society，41(4)，587-601。  new window
6.Wang,Yeh-lih(19960800)。The Political Consequences of the Electoral System: Single Nontransferable Voting in Taiwan。Issues & Studies，32(8)，85-104。new window  new window
7.Budge, I.(2000)。Expert Jundgements of Party Policy Positions: Uses and Limitations in Political Research。European Journal of Political Research，37，103-113。  new window
8.Budge, Ian(2001)。Validating Party Policy Placements。British Journal of Political Science，31(1)，210-223。  new window
9.Dow, Jay K.(2001)。A Comparative Spatial Analysis of Majoritarian and Proportional Elections。Electoral Studies，20(1)，109-125。  new window
10.Gabel, M. J.、Huber, J. D.(2000)。Putting Parties in Their Place: Infering Party Lift-Right Ideological Positions from Party Manifestos Data。American Journal of Political Science，44，94-103。  new window
11.Glazer, A.、Lohmann, S.(1999)。Setting the Agenda: Electoral Competition, Commitment of Policy, and Issue Salience。Public Choice，99，377-394。  new window
12.Hofferbert, Richard I.、Budge, Ian(1992)。The Party Mandate and the Westminster Model: Election Programmes and Government Spending in Britain, 1948-85。British Journal of Political Science，22，151-182。  new window
13.Laver, M.(1998)。Party Policy in Britain 1997: Results from an Expert Survey。Political Studies，66，336-347。  new window
14.Laver, M.(2001)。Party System Dynamics and the Making and Breaking of Italian Governments。Electoral Studies，20，529-553。  new window
15.McDonald, M. D.、Budge, I.、Hofferbert, R. I.(1999)。Party Mandate Theory and Time Series Analysis: A Theoretical and Methodological Response。Electoral Studies，18，587-596。  new window
16.Wittman, Donald(1983)。Candidate Motivation: A Synthesis of Alternative Theories。American Political Science Review，77(1)，142-157。  new window
學位論文
1.劉從葦(2002)。The Effects of Electoral Laws on Party Competition in Taiwan 1989-1998, With Particular Reference to the Single Non-Transferable Vote (SNTV)(博士論文)。University of Essex，United Kingdom。  new window
圖書
1.Budge, I.、Farlie, D. J.(1983)。Explaining and Predicting Elections: Issue Effects and Party Strategies in Twenty-Three Democracies。London：George Allen & Unwin。  new window
2.Klingemann, Hans-Dieter、Hofferbert, Richard I.、Budge, Ian(1994)。Parties, Policies and Democracy。Boulder, Colorado：Westview Press。  new window
3.Laver, Michael、Hunt, Bent W.(1992)。Policy and Party Competition。Routledge。  new window
4.Lijphart, Arend(1998)。Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries。New Haven：Yale University Press。  new window
5.Riker, William(1993)。Agenda Formation。Ann Arbor：University of Michigan Press。  new window
6.Budge, Ian、Klingemann,H(2001)。Mapping Policy Preferences: Estimates for Parties, Electors and Governments 1945-1998。Oxford：Oxford University Press。  new window
7.Riker, W.(1982)。Liberalism Against Populism: A Confrontation Between the Theory of Democracy and Theory of Social Choice。San Francisco, CA：W. H. Freeman。  new window
8.宋朝欽、何榮幸、張瑞昌(1993)。民進黨執政之路。臺北：五千年出版社。  延伸查詢new window
9.Volkens, Andrea(1992)。Content Analysis of Party Programmes in Comparative Perspective: Handbook and Coding Instructions。沒有紀錄：Abteilung, Institutionen and Sozialer Wandel。  new window
10.廖忠俊(1998)。臺灣地方派系的形成發展與質變。臺北：允晨出版公司。new window  延伸查詢new window
11.Budge, Ian、Robertson, David、Hearl, Derek(1987)。Ideology, Strategy, and Party Change: Spatial Analyses of Post-War Election Programmes in 19 Democracies。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
12.Budge, Ian、Farlie, Dennis(1977)。Voting and Party Competition。New York：London, UK：John Wiley and Sons Ltd.。  new window
13.李俊毅(1995)。醜陋的立法院。臺北：福爾摩沙出版社。  延伸查詢new window
14.Laver, M.、Schofield, N.(1990)。Multiparty Government: The Politics of Coalition in Europe。Oxford：Oxford University Press。  new window
15.Katz, Richard S.(1980)。A Theory of Parties and Electoral Systems。Baltimore, Maryland：The Johns Hopkins University Press。  new window
16.Robertson, D.(1976)。A Theory of Party Competition。London：John Wiley and Sons。  new window
17.Green, Donald P.、Shapiro, Ian(1994)。Pathologies of Rational Choice Theory: A Critique of Applications in Political Science。Yale University Press。  new window
18.Hardin, Russell(1982)。Collective Action。Johns Hopkins University Press。  new window
19.Taylor, Michael(1987)。The Possibility of Cooperation。Cambridge University Press。  new window
20.Weber, Robert Philip(1985)。Basic Content Analysis。Sage Publications Inc.。  new window
21.Olson, Mancur(1965)。The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups。New York：Mcgraw-Hill College。  new window
22.Riker, William H.(1962)。The Theory of Political Coalitions。Yale University Press。  new window
23.Mueller, Dennis C.(1997)。Perspectives on public choice: a handbook。Cambridge University Press。  new window
24.Enelow, James M.、Hinich, Melvin J.(1984)。The Spatial Theory of Voting: An Introduction。Cambridge University Press。  new window
25.Downs, Anthony J.(1957)。An Economic Theory of Democracy。New York：Harper and Row。  new window
26.Krippendorff, Klaus H.(1980)。Content Analysis: An Introduction to its Methodology。Sage。  new window
27.Tsebelis, George(1990)。Nested Games。Nested Games。Berkeley, CA。  new window
28.Merrill, Samuel, III、Grofman, Bernard(1999)。A Unified Theory of Voting: Directional and Proximity Spatial Models。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
29.(1986)。Rational Choice。Rational Choice。New York, NY。  new window
30.Agasoster, B.(2001)。A Framework for Analysing Local Party Policy Emphases in Scotland。Estimating the Policy Position of Political Actors。London, UK。  new window
31.Budge, Ian、Keman, Hans(1990)。Parties and Democracy。Parties and Democracy。Oxford。  new window
32.(1996)。The Rational Choice Controversy。The Rational Choice Controversy。New Haven。  new window
33.Hearl, Derek J.(2001)。Checking the Party Policy Estimates: Reliability。Mapping Policy Preferences。Oxford。  new window
34.Hinich, M. J.、Munger, M. C.(1997)。Analytical Politics。Analytical Politics。Cambridge。  new window
35.Laver, Michael、Budge, Ian(1992)。Party Policy and Government Coalitions。New York, NY：St. Martin's Press。  new window
36.Laver, M.(2001)。Estimating the Policy Position of Political Actors。London, UK：Routledge。  new window
37.McDonald, Michael D.、Mendes, Silvia M.(2001)。Checking the Party Policy Estimates: Convergent Validity。Mapping Policy Preferences。Oxford。  new window
38.Shepsle, K. A.(1991)。Models of Multiparty Electoral Competiton。Models of Multiparty Electoral Competiton。New York, NY。  new window
39.Andrea, V.(2001)。Manifesto Research since 1979: From Reliability to Validity。Estimating the Policy Position of Political Actors。London, UK。  new window
圖書論文
1.謝復生(1996)。The SNTV System and Its Political Implications。Taiwan's Electoral Politics and Democratic Transition: Riding the Third Wave。Armonk, NY：M. E. Sharpe。  new window
 
 
 
 
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