本文打破以往明遺民研究的靜態局限，將清初五十魁闣明遺民群體的嬗變過程作動態的考察。研究的視點有二；一是清廷對漢族土人政策的不斷調整；二是明遺民群群的分化與其成員心態的變化。 順治一朝，清廷招徠漢族士人的政策主要有薦舉故明官吏、恢復科舉考試和徵辟山林隱逸。這些手段收到了非常顯著的效果，以致大多數用世之心未泯者紛紛投向新朝，一些試圖保持名節者也因抵禦不了政治壓力與生存壓力而出仕。明遺民群體在入清的頭幾年極不穩定，那些志節堅定者，對此既感到憤懣，亦有無奈和理解。 進入康熙朝，已有不少遺民隕落。四大臣輔政時朝，大興獄案，以打擊漢人的反清情緒，更增強了他們的悲哀與壓抑。康熙帝親政以後，局面有了明顯的緩和，尤其是十八年(1679)的博學鴻詞之科，軟硬兼施，最終收服了明遺民中不少知名之士。此後，清廷並未放鬆對遺民的關注，而堅卓如黃宗羲等人，也在親身體驗到的社會秩序恢復與清廷長期的優禮下最終轉變了態度。

　　　　　The present essay analyzes in a dynamic way the evolution process of the adherents of the Ming Dynasty as a group in the first fifty years in the early Qing Dynasty, breaking the static limitation of the traditional studies of the adherents of Ming Dynasty. The two analyzing views are as follows: one is the continual readjustment to the Qing court’s policies towards scholars of the Han nationality, and the other is the disintegration of the adherents’ group and the changes of the group members’ frame of mind. During the Shunzhi period, the government’s soliciting policies towards scholars were mainly the following: recommending former officials, resuming the imperial examinations and commanding hermits to come down from the mountain forests. These methods yielded notable results so that most of those whose ambitions had not been fulfilled went over to the new government, and some who attempted to maintain their integrity had to fill an office under political and survival pressure. The group of adherents of the Ming Dynasty was very unstable in the initial years of the Qing Dynasty, and those adherents with lofty ideals were depressed and discontented with this phenomenon, as well as helpless and survival pressure. The group of adherents of the Ming Dynasty was very unstable in the initial years of the Qing Dynast, and those adherents with lofty ideals were depressed and discontented with this phenomenon, as well as helpless and understanding. By the Kangxi period, a good number of the adherents had become powerless. During the assisting-governing period by the four powerful officials, the Qing court conducted many unjust charges and massacred many to suppress the anti-Qing sentiments of the Han people. This in turn strengthened their sorrow and depression. Since the Kangxi emperor began to take control into his own hands, the tension was relaxed. Especially, the imperial examination in 1679 conqured many well-known scholars in the old adherents’ group in a considerate manner. Even after that, the Qing court still did not relax their attention to the old adherents, and those who were most faithful to the former dynasty, such as Huang Zongxi黃宗羲, finally converted their attitudes after experiencing in person the restoration of social order and the lasting courteous reception of the Qing court.