Abstract The purpose of this paper is to offer an overall assessment and discussion on the efforts made by the United States through affirmative action programs in eliminating discrimination. The main contents of the paper are divided into six sections. Section One describes the legal sources for establishing affirmative action programs, related statutes and executive orders issued by presidents. Section Two analyzes important examples of these programs and the methods of their implementation. Section Three discusses several important initial decisions rendered by the Supreme Court in this regard. Section Four mentions the so-called “reverse-discrimination” concept arising from affirmative action programs or plans, the Supreme Court’s responses and the countermeasures offered by Congress. Section Five details three new decisions ruled by the Supreme Court in order to emphasize the recent controversies caused by these programs. Finally, Section Six makes an overall evaluation of this system, including its merits, shortcomings and controversies in the United States and discusses whether the American experience in this field can provide any lessons for Taiwan given its recent endeavors to implement its own anti-discrimination legal system.