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題名:國際恐怖主義的資金流動
書刊名:問題與研究
作者:林泰和 引用關係
作者(外文):Lin, Tai-ho
出版日期:2011
卷期:50:1
頁次:頁97-141
主題關鍵詞:恐怖主義洗錢資金流動跨國犯罪911事件TerrorismTerrorism financingCounter-terrorism financingMoney laundering
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(4) 博士論文(0) 專書(1) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:2
  • 共同引用共同引用:39
  • 點閱點閱:140
21世紀開始以來,國際上發生了許多重大的恐怖攻擊事件,例如2001年911恐怖攻擊事件、2002與2003年兩次峇里島爆炸事件、2004年馬德里火車爆炸事件,2005年倫敦地鐵攻擊事件、2008年孟買攻擊事件。這些恐怖攻擊事件因為造成眾多人死傷,加上國際媒體晝夜強力放送,使閱聽大眾至今記憶猶新。但是,這些恐怖攻擊事件都只是整個恐怖組織活動的最終「產品」。 國際恐怖行動若分成上、中、下游。上游是資金的供給,中游是人員招募與訓練,下游是恐怖活動的執行。其中最為關鍵的面向無疑是對恐怖組織的資助與資金的募集。一旦獲得資金,並不一定保證能夠馬上運用,因為有些資金的來源屬於非法,必須透過國際金融體系的流通甚至洗錢的過程,才能將資金轉變成實質的購買力,以遂行恐怖行動。本文的主要目的在於試圖瞭解國際恐怖組織資金的流動方式及國際社會的回應。 本文分成五大部分。導言部分由全球化理論與背景出發,敘述恐怖主義資金流動在全球化現象下的複雜性與重要性。第二章開始分析恐怖主義資金流動的兩大方向:需求面與供給面。第三章討論恐怖組織如何將所得到的金錢資助,透過洗錢的過程,轉化為實質的購買力,以應付必要的支出。因應恐怖組織資金流動對國際安全的威脅,第四章討論國際社會如何對此回應。第五章則是綜合本研究所做成的結論。
Since the beginning of the 21st century, many deadly terrorist attacks have taken places, such as the 9-11 attacks in 2001, Bali terrorist attacks in 2002, Madrid train bombings in 2004, and London suicide bombings in 2005. The images of these terrorist attacks on the audience around the globe are readily recalled due to casualties and broadcasting by the international media. In actuality, the attacks are the “final products” of a whole series of activities conducted by international terrorism. If terrorist activities were to be described by the analogy of a river, the terrorist financing can be ordered upstream, recruitment and training at midstream, and implementation of terrorist act downstream. The key part of the whole terrorist activity would be financing and fund raising. Successful fund raiseing does not tranlanste to successful use of the fund. If terrorist funds are originate from illegal sources, it must be financially channeled or even laundered into real purchasing power for the purpose of conducting terrorist attacks. This article attempts to clear the funding sources of terrorist groups: how these funds are transformed into purchasing power and how international community and national respond. The article unfolds in three main parts. The first part deals with the financing of terrorism; the second part inquires the financial flow of terrorist groups, and the final part summarizes the key measures of counter-terrorism through finance implemented by the international community and national governments.
期刊論文
1.Kaunert, Christian(2010)。The External Dimension of EU-Counter-Terrorism Relations: Competences, Interests, and Institutions。Terrorism and Political Violence,22(1),51。  new window
2.Jurith, Ed(2003)。Acts of Terror, Illicit Drugs and Money Laundering。Journal of Financial Crime,11(9),158-162。  new window
3.Raphaeli, Nimrod(2003)。Financing of Terrorism: Sources, Methods, and Channels。Terrorism and Political Violence,15(4),59-82。  new window
4.Homer-Dixon, Thomas(2002)。The Rise of Complex Terrorism。Foreign Policy,128,52-62。  new window
5.林泰和(20080500)。國際恐怖主義研究--結構、策略、工具、資金。問題與研究,47(2),119-149。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.張登及(20091200)。本體安全視角下的恐怖主義:以英國倫敦七七恐怖攻擊事件為例的分析。問題與研究,48(4),67-93。new window  延伸查詢new window
7.吳東野(20030100)。全球反恐聯盟及其相關問題之探討。遠景基金會季刊,4(1),1-39。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.Johnston, R. Barry、Nedelescu, Oana M.(2006)。The Impact of Terrorism on Financial Markets。Journal of Financial Crime,13(1),7-25。  new window
9.Bures, Oldrich(2010)。EU's Fight Against Terrorist Financing: Internal Shortcomings and Unsuitable External Models。Terrorism and Political Violence,22(3),419-438。  new window
10.Cronin, Audrey Kurth(2002)。Behind the Curve: Globalization and International Terrorism。International Security,27(3),30-58。  new window
11.劉復國(20061100)。東南亞恐怖主義對亞太區域安全影響之研究。問題與研究,45(6),79-106。new window  延伸查詢new window
12.Allen, William(2003)。The War against Terrorism Financing。Journal of Money Laundering Control,6(4),306-310。  new window
13.Basile, Mark(2004)。Going to Source: Why Al Qaeda’s Financial Network is Likely to Withstand the Current War on Terrorist Financing。Studies in Conflict and Terrorism,27(3),169-185。  new window
14.Cha, Victor D.(2000)。Globalization and the Study of International Security。Journal of Peace Research,37(3),391-403。  new window
15.Kaunert, Christian(2010)。Europol and EU Counterterrorism: International Security Actorness in the External Dimension。Studies in Conflict and Terrorism,33(7),652-671。  new window
16.Weintraub, Sidney(2002)。Disrupting the Financing of Terrorism。The Washington Quarterly,25(1),53-60。  new window
17.LaFeber, Walter(2002)。The Post September 11 Debate over Empire, Globalization, and Fragmentation。Political Science Quarterly,117(1),1-17。  new window
18.Winer, Jonathan M.、Roule, Trifin J.(2002)。Fighting Terrorist Fi。Survival,44(3),87-104。  new window
19.Brafman Kittner, Cristiana C.(2010)。The Role of Save Havens in Islamist Terrorism。Terrorism and Political Violence,19(3),307-329。  new window
20.Fitzgerald, Valpy(2004)。Global financial information, compliance incentives and terrorist funding。European Journal of Political Economy,20,387-401。  new window
21.Hardouin, Patrick、Weichhardt, Reiner(2006)。Terrorist fund raising through criminal activities。Journal of Money Laundering Control,9(3),303-360。  new window
22.Jacobson, Michael(2010)。Terrorist Financing and the Internet。Studies in Conflict and Terrorism,33(4),353-363。  new window
23.Kahler, Miles(2004)。Economic security in an era of globalization: definition and provision。The Pacific Review,17(4),485-502。  new window
24.Michaelsen, Christopher(2010)。The Security Council’s Al Qaeda and Taliban Sanctions Regimes: ‘Essential Tool’ or Increasing Liability for the UN’s Counterterrorism Efforts?。Studies in Conflict and Terrorism,33(4),448-463。  new window
25.Passas, Nikos、Jones, Kimberly(2006)。Commodities and Terrorist Financing: Focus on Diamonds。European Journal of Criminal Policy and Research,12(1),1-33。  new window
26.Stohl, Michael(2006)。Cyber terrorism: a clear and present danger, the sum of all fears, breaking point or patriot game?。Crime Law Social Change,46(4/5),223-238。  new window
27.Rubin, Michael(2008)。Iran’s Global Ambition。American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research,3,1-2。  new window
28.(2009)。9/11 and Insurance: The Eight Year Anniversary。Insurance Journal。  new window
研究報告
1.The United Nations(19991209)。International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism。  new window
圖書
1.徐萃文(1992)。各國對洗錢之防制對策。臺北市:財政部金融司儲委會金融研究小組。  延伸查詢new window
2.李傑清(200602)。洗錢防制的課題與展望。法務部調查局。  延伸查詢new window
3.Held, David、McGrew, Anthony、Goldblatt, David、Perraton, Jonathan(1999)。Global Transformations: Politics, Economics and Culture。Stanford University Press。  new window
4.法務部調查局(2004)。遵循打擊清洗黑錢財務行動特別組織四十項建議及八項特別建議評鑑方法論與聯合國公約及國際標準有關反洗錢法規之輯要。臺北縣。  延伸查詢new window
5.Abuza, Zachary(2008)。The Social organization of terror in Southeast Asia: the case of Jemaah Islamiyah。Countering the Financing of Terrorism。London。  new window
6.Art, Robert(1999)。The Fungibility of Force。The Use of Force-Military Power and International Politics。Lanham。  new window
7.Biersteker, Thomas J.、E., Eckert Sue(2008)。Introduction: the challenge of terrorist financing。Countering the Financing of Terrorism。New York。  new window
8.Byman, Daniel(2005)。Deadly Connections–States that Sponsor Terrorism。Cambridge。  new window
9.Comras, Victor(2007)。Al Qaeda Finances and Funding to Affiliated Groups。Terrorism Financing and State Responses-A Comparative Perspective。Stanford。  new window
10.Croissant, Aurel、Barlow, Daniel(2007)。Terrorist Financing and Government Responses in Southeast Asia。Terrorism Financing and State Responses-A Comparative Perspective。Stanford, CA。  new window
11.Warde, Ibrahim(2007)。The Price of Fear–The Truth behind the Financial War on Terror。Berkeley ; Los Angeles。  new window
12.Farah, Douglas(2008)。Al Qaede and the germstone trade。Countering the Financing of Terrorism。New York。  new window
13.Giraldo, Jeanne K.、Trinkunas, Harold A.(2007)。Introduction。Terrorism Financing and State Responses-A Comparative Perspective。Stanford, CA。  new window
14.Schneider, Friedrich(2004)。Macroeconomics: The Financial Flow of Islamic Terrorism。Global Financial Crime-Terrorism, Money Laundering and Offshore Centres。Burlington。  new window
15.Kellner, Douglas(2008)。Globalization, Terrorism, and Democracy: 9/11 and Its Aftermath。Frontiers of Globalization Research-Theoretical and Methodological Approaches。New York。  new window
16.Levi, Michael(2008)。Lessons for countering terrorist financing from the war on serious and organized crime。Countering the Financing of Terrorism。New York。  new window
17.Levitt, Matthew(2007)。ollah Finances–Fighting the Party of God。Terrorism Financing and State Responses-A Comparative Perspective。Stanford, CA。  new window
18.Masciandaro, Donato、Portolano, Alessandro(2004)。Financial Policy: Offshore and Competition in Regulation。Global Financial Crime-Terrorism, Money Laundering and Offshore Centres。Burlington。  new window
19.Williams, Phil(2008)。Terrorist financing and organized crime-Nexus, appropriation, or transformation?。Countering the Financing of Terrorism。New York。  new window
20.Passas, Nikos(2007)。Terrorism financing Mechanisms and Policy Dilemmas。Terrorism Financing and State Responses-A Comparative Perspective。Stanford, CA。  new window
21.Rider, Barry A. K.(2004)。Law: The War on Terror and Crime and the Offshore Centres: The ‘New’ Perspective?。Global Financial Crime-Terrorism, Money Laundering and Offshore Centres。Burlington。  new window
22.Williams, Phil(2007)。Warning Indicators and Terrorist Finances。Terrorism Financing and State Responses-A Comparative Perspective。Stanford。  new window
23.Schott, Paul Allan(2006)。Reference Guide to Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism。Washington, D.C.。  new window
24.Shapiro, Jacob N.(2007)。Terrorist Organizations’ Vulnerabilities and Inefficiencies。Terrorism Financing and State Responses-A Comparative Perspective。Stanford, CA。  new window
25.Stern, Jessica、Modi, Amit(2008)。Producing terror-Organizational dynamics of Survival。Countering the Financing of Terrorism。New York。  new window
26.Winer, Jonathan M.(2003)。Globalization, Terrorist Finance, and Global Conflict。Financing Terrorism。New York。  new window
27.Schneider, Friedrich、Hofer, Bernhard(2008)。Ursachen und Wirkung des weltweiten Terrorismus –Eine Analyse der gesellschaftlichen und ökonomischen Auswirkungen und neue Ansätze zum Umgang mit dem Terror。Wiesbaden。  new window
28.Schneider, Friedrich、Dreer, Elisabeth、Riegler, Wolfgang(2006)。Geldwäsche-Formen, Akteure, Größenordnung und warum die Politik machtlos ist。Wiesbaden。  new window
其他
1.(2009)。Country Reports on Terrorism 2008,http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/crt/2008/122436.htm, 20090708。  new window
2.(2001)。UN Resolution 1373,http://www., 20090322。  new window
3.United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substance, 1988,http://www.unodc.org/pdf/convention_1988_, 20090328。  new window
4.(2001)。US Patriot Act 2001,http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgibin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=107_cong_public_, 20090314。  new window
5.Dawn Media com(2010)。NYC bomb suspect claims Taliban support: US officials,http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/world/16-nycbomb-suspect-claims-taliban-support-us-officials-02-sa, 20100724。  new window
6.Kovach, Gretel C.(2008)。Five Convicted in Terrorism Financing Trial,http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/25/us/25charity.html, 20100724。  new window
7.Kurt, Eichenwald(2001)。Terror Money hard to Block, Officials Find,http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/10/international/10MONE.html?scp=1&sq=terror%20money%20hard%20to%20block&st=cse, 20100720。  new window
8.Lengell, Sean(2009)。Treasure: Al Qaeda’s Finance shaky,http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2009/oct/12/treasury-al-qaedas-moneysupply-shrinking/, 20100724。  new window
9.Nakashima, Ellen(2010)。European Union, U.S. TO share banking data to fight terrorism,http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/06/28/AR2010062805052.html, 20100705。  new window
10.Office of Foreign Assets Control(2009)。Terrorist Assets Report,http://www.treas.gov/offices/enforcement/ofac/reports/tar2009.pdf, 20100705。  new window
11.Orr, Bob(2010)。Report: U.S. Intel Complex Inefficient, Bloated,http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/07/19/eveningnews/main6693347.shtml?tag=cbsnewsMainColumnArea, 20100702。  new window
12.Schmitt, Eric(2009)。Many Sources Feed Taliban’s War Chest,http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/19/world/asia/19taliban.html, 20091031。  new window
13.Schott, Paul Allan。Reference Guide to Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism,http://www1., 20090323。  new window
14.Dwyer, Timothy,Branigin, William(2006)。FBI Knew al-Qaeda Pilots Training in U.S.,http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/03/07/AR2006030700216.html, 20100716。  new window
15.Von Florian Flade(2009)。Al-Qaida bittet um Spenden für den Terror,http://www.welt.de/politik/ausland/article4878371/Al-Qaida-bittet-um-Spendenfuer-den-Terror.html, 20091018。  new window
16.Welt Online(2010)。Ausschuss im EU-Parlament billigt SWIFT-Abkommen,http://www.welt.de/politik/ausland/article8326300/Ausschuss-im-EU-Parlamentbilligt-Swift-Abkommen.html, 20100706。  new window
17.Whitlock, Craig(2009)。Diverse Sources Fund Insurgency In Afghanistan – Restricting Cash Flow Difficult,http://www., 20091031。  new window
18.(2003)。Methodology for Assessing Compliance with the FATF 40 Recommendations and the FATF 8 Special Recommendations,http://www.fatf-gafi.org/dataoecd/7/40/34849567.PDF, 20090323。  new window
19.(2009)。Methodology for Assessing Compliance with the FATF 40 Recommendations and the FATF 9 Special Recommendations 2009,http://www.fatf-gafi.org/dataoecd/16/54/40339628.pdf, 20090323。  new window
20.(2008)。Terrorist Financing,http://www.fatf-gafi.org/dataoecd/28/43/402858, 20091026。  new window
21.The 9/11 Commission(20040920)。The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States。  new window
22.Stobbart, George(2009)。9/11 and Insurance: The Eight Year Anniversary–Insurers Paid Out Nearly $40 Billion,http://www., 20091018。  new window
圖書論文
1.Smith-Shank, D. L.(2004)。[Semiotics and visual culture: Sights, signs, and significance] Introduction。Semiotics and visual culture: Sights, signs, and significance。VA:NAEA。  new window
2.Kiras, James D.(2007)。Irregular Warfare: Terrorism and Insurgency。Strategy in the Contemporary World--An Introduction to Strategic Studies。New York:Oxford University Press。  new window
3.Levitt, Theodore(1993)。The Globalization of Markets。Readings in International Business: A Decision Approach。Cambridge:The MIT Press。  new window
4.Picarelli, John、Shelly, Louise(2007)。Organized Crime and Terrorism。Terrorism Financing and State Responses--A Comparative Perspective。Stanford, CA:Stanford University Press。  new window
5.Williams, Phil(2007)。Strategy for a New World: Combating Terrorism and Transnational Organized Crime。Strategy in the Contemporary World: An Introduction to Strategic Studies。New York:Oxford University Press。  new window
6.Giraldo, Jeanne K.、Trinkunas, Harold A.(2007)。The Political Economy of Terrorism Financing。Terrorism Financing and State Responses--A Comparative Perspective。Stanford, CA:Stanford University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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