Tao marine culture, which is isolated for hundreds of years, was slowly developed in the island of Lanyu. However, it has faced great social, cultural and economic impacts after the tourism development. The research aims to understand the effect of tourism development in Lanyu Island, focusing on landscape comparison. Data were collected by in-depth interview, focus group, and participant observation. The results show that the traditional economic structure and cultural context of Tao people have developed a new cultural pattern after the tourism development progress. The change of the cultural pattern was represented in the daily life, including the change of dietary culture, the reconstruction of Tao building, the regeneration of traditional industries, the reconstruction of living landscape, and the reconsideration of environmental conservation. However, the new cultural pattern may face many different impact and crisis in the future. Finally, the research suggested that the government should develop cultural tourism specifications for Tao People toward sustainable development.