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題名：畫人測驗在大學生輔導之應用：以畫人測驗篩選適應不良的學生
書刊名：測驗學刊
作者：朱錦鳳 引用關係
作者(外文)：Ju, Gin-fon
出版日期：2012
卷期：59:1
頁次：頁75-101
主題關鍵詞：情緒困擾；畫人測驗；適應不良指標；學業成績；Koppitz；Academic performance；DAP；Emotional disturbed；Maladjusted indicator
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畫人測驗過去幾乎僅應用於臨床個案，早期常當作非語文智力測驗用來診斷智能不足的兒童，近代則多作為投射測驗使用，用以評估個案的情緒困擾、適應不良、衝動、腦傷等症狀。畫人測驗的計分系統大致可分為量化計分及整體指標解釋等兩種。本研究的主要目的是將投射性畫人測驗應用於一般大學生，同時使用兩種計分方式探索適應不良的學生。本研究抽樣兩班大學生團體施測畫人測驗，以個別晤談及行為觀察的實證方式，探索畫人測驗在篩選適應不良學生的應用。研究結果顯示：（1）畫人測驗以Maloney與Glasser簡易的適應不良指標即可有效篩選適應不良的學生；（2）大學生和研究生在畫人測驗的表現略有差異，建議畫人測驗在針對不同發展階段的族群時，其結果解釋應審酌其不同的特性及含意；（3）男生和女生在畫人測驗的表現亦有差異，建議畫人測驗在針對不同性別時，其結果解釋應有不同的常模標準；（4）大學生的畫人測驗在Koppitz認知發展分數上與其在校學業成績呈顯著正相關，但與其DAP: SPED情緒困擾分數及入學指考成績呈顯著負相關，與「瑞文氏高級圖形推理測驗」則無相關；（5）畫人測驗具有良好的再測信度。
The Draw-A-Person (DAP) test has been used for evaluating children's IQ. When DAP was used as a projective test, it may also evaluate the client's emotional disturbance, impulsivity, and brain impairment. The scoring method of DAP can be classified to quantitative and qualitative system. The purpose of the research is to use Maloney & Glasser's maladjusted indicators on DAP to screen maladjusted students in university and evaluate its effectiveness by applying individual interview and behavior observation, and also figured out their Koppitz's developmental scores and DAP: SPED scores. The results showed that (1) DAP can be an efficient measure to screen the maladjusted students by simply using the four indicators of Maloney & Glasser; (2) when comparing the differences on DAP for university and graduate students, it was found that DAP yielded the same screening effect; (3) when comparing the gender differences on DAP, it was found that male yielded higher percentage of maladjusted and emotional disturbed than female; (4) the Koppitz's scores on DAP were positively related to the academic performance but negatively related to the DAP: SPED scores and the entrance exam scores, and no relationship with APM for university students; (5) DAP yielded a good test-retest reliability.
期刊論文
1.Sundberg, N.、Ballinger, T.(1968)。Nepalese children’s cognitive development as revealed by drawings of man, woman, and self。Child Development，39(3)，969-985。  new window
2.Watkins, C. E. Jr.、Campbell, V. L.、Nieberding, R.、Hallmark, R.(1995)。Contemporary practice of psychological assessment by clinical psychologists。Professional Psychology: Research and Practice，26，54-60。  new window
3.Brown, D.、Tolor, A.(1957)。Human figure drawings as indicator of sexual identification and inversion。Perceptual and Motor Skills，7，199-211。  new window
4.Buck, J.(1948)。The H-T-P technique, a qualitative and quantitative scoring method。Jour-nal of Clinical Psychology Monograph Supplement，5，1-120。  new window
5.Gilbert, J. G.、Hall, M. R.(1962)。Changes with age in human figure drawing。Journal of Gerontology，17，397-404。  new window
6.Granick, S.、Smith, L.(1953)。Sex sequence in the draw-a-person test and its relation to the MMPI masculinity-femininity scale。Journal of Consultant Psychology，17，71-73。  new window
7.Groves, J. R.、Fried, P. A.(1991)。Developmental items on children’s human figure draw-ings: A replication and extension of Koppitz to younger children。Journal of Clinical Psychology，47(1)，140-148。  new window
8.Hammer, E.(1954)。Relationship between diagnosis of psychosexual pathology and the sex of the first drawn person。Journal of Clinical Psychology，10，168-170。  new window
9.Oas, P.(1984)。Validity of the Draw-A-Person and Bender Gestalt as measures of impulsi-vity with adolescents。Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology，52，1011-1019。  new window
10.Ottenbacher, K.(1981)。An investigation of self-concept and body image in the mentally retarded。Journal of Clinical Psychology，37(2)，415-418。  new window
11.Reed, N.(1957)。The masculinity-femininity dimension in normal and psychotic subjects。Journal of Abnormal Social Psychology，55，289-294。  new window
12.Roback, H. B.(1968)。Human figure drawings: Their utility in the clinical psychologist’s armamentarium for personality assessment。Psychological Bulletin，70(1)，1-19。  new window
13.Shaffer, J. W.、Duszynski, K. R.、Thomas, C. B.(1984)。A comparison of three methods for scoring figure drawings。Journal of Personality Assessment，48(3)，245-254。  new window
14.Swenson, C. H.(1968)。Empirical evaluations of human figure drawings: 1957-1966。Psy-chological Bulletin，70(1)，20-44。  new window
15.Tramill, J. T.、Edwards, R. P.、Tramill, J. K.(1980)。Comparison of the Goodenough-Har-ris Drawing Test and the WISC-R for children experiencing academic difficulties。Perceptual and Motor Skills，50，543-546。  new window
16.Kahill, S.(1984)。Human figure drawing in adults: An update of the empirical evidence。Canadian Psychology，25，269-292。  new window
17.Maloney, M, P.、Glasser, A.(1982)。An evaluation of the clinical utility of the Draw-a-Person Test。Journal of Clinical Psychology，38(1)，183-190。  new window
18.McLachlan, J. F.、Head, V. B.(1974)。An impairment rating scale for human figure draw-ings。Journal of Clinical Psychology，30(3)，405-407。  new window
19.Saarni, C.、Azara, V.(1977)。Developmental analysis of human figure drawings in ado-lescence, young adulthood, and middle age。Journal of Personality Assessment，41(1)，31-38。  new window
20.Sarrell, P.、Sarrell, L.、Berman, F.(1981)。Using the Draw-A-Person (DAP) test in sex therapy。Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy，7，163-183。  new window
會議論文
1.朱世露、朱錦鳳(2010)。比較不同文化在畫人測驗結果的差異。台北市。  延伸查詢new window
2.劉恆嘉、朱錦鳳(2010)。比較一般及智障生在畫人測驗的結果差異。台北市。  延伸查詢new window
3.朱錦鳳(2008)。「畫人測驗」在情緒評估的應用。中國測驗學會年會，(會議日期: 2008)。台北市：國立台灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
4.朱錦鳳(2009)。「畫人測驗」在人格投射的應用。第48屆台灣心理學年會，(會議日期: 2009)。台北：國立台灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
5.朱錦鳳(2010)。畫人測驗整體解釋系統的發展。台北市。  延伸查詢new window
6.朱錦鳳(2010)。畫人測驗在生涯規劃及諮商輔導的應用。學習、教學、與評量國際研討會，(會議日期: 2010)。台北市：國立台灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.朱錦鳳(2010)。畫人測驗的實作與解讀。台北市：心理。  延伸查詢new window
2.Goodenough, F. L.(1926)。Measurement of intelligence by drawing。Chicago, IL：Yonkers-on Hudson. New York：World Book Company。  new window
3.Koppitz, E. M.(1968)。Psychological evaluation of children’s Human figure Drawings。New York, NY：Grune and Stratton。  new window
4.Naglieri, J. A.(1988)。Draw A Person: A quantitative scoring system。San Antonio, TX：The Psychological Corporation。  new window
5.Naglieri, J. A.、McNeish, T. J.、Bardos, A. N.(1991)。Draw A Person: Screening pro-cedure for emotional disturbance。Austin, TX：Pro-Ed。  new window
6.朱錦鳳(2010)。心理測驗：理論與應用。台北市：雙葉書廊。  延伸查詢new window
7.邱紹春(1997)。中華畫人測驗指導手冊。台北市。  延伸查詢new window
8.俞筱鈞(1994)。瑞文氏圖形推理測驗中文版。台北市。  延伸查詢new window
9.小林重雄(1977)。ゲッドイナフ人物畫知能檢查ハンドブック。日本東京。  延伸查詢new window
10.Buck, J.(1981)。The House-Tree-Person technique: A revised manual。Los Angeles, CA。  new window
11.Harris, D. B.(1963)。Children’s drawing as a measure of intellectual maturity。New York, NY。  new window
12.Machover, K. A.(1949)。Personality projection in the drawing of a human figure。Spring-field, Illinois：harles C. Thomas。  new window
13.Machover, K. A.(1960)。Sex differences in the development patterns of children as seen in human figure drawings。Advances in projective drawing inter-pretation。Springfield, IL。  new window
 
 
 
 
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