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題名:這是種出神的技術 : 史坦尼斯拉夫斯基和葛羅托斯基的演員訓練之被遺忘的核心
書刊名:戲劇學刊
作者:鍾明德 引用關係
作者(外文):Chung, Ming-der
出版日期:2012
卷期:16
頁次:頁119-152
主題關鍵詞:史坦尼斯拉夫斯基葛羅托斯基現代劇場瑜珈正念StanislavskiGrotowskiModern thratreYogaMindfulness
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(5) 博士論文(1) 專書(1) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:4
  • 共同引用共同引用:32
  • 點閱點閱:149
葛羅托斯基能夠在二十世紀的劇場表演上做出重大的突破,主要即因為他將以瑜珈為主的身心靈修煉方法運用到演員訓練和劇場演出上頭。他說:「這是種出神的技術。」他強調「演員能夠表演的真正關鍵點為進入出神或禪定的能力」,同時指出身體鬆沉、注意力專注和某種的內觀態度,構成了演員進入出神狀態的三個主要元素。 從當代表演研究的角度看來,史坦尼斯拉夫斯基的「體系」即在讓演員進入某種的出神狀態—史氏稱之為「創意狀態」。史氏認為偉大的表演者的共同特徵為「身體的放鬆」、「注意力的集中」和享有某種的「內在的真實感」—此三大特徵跟葛氏的說法如出一轍,同時也構成了「史坦尼斯拉夫斯基體系」的重要基礎,在《演員自我修養》中分別出現為第六、五、八章,而且在其他著作和篇章中,史氏也反覆強調再三。 綜上所述,某種「出神的技術」乃史、葛二氏演員訓練的核心,卻因種種的政治、經濟因素在歷史發展中被遺忘了。目前,透過「正念」(sammasati, mindfulness) 這個可以綜觀一切修行方法、境界的制高點,我們可以重新演繹史、葛二氏的劇場遺產,幫助藝術創作者和研究者釐清許多跟表演狀態有關的概念和做法。
With Ryszard Cieslak’s ecstatic performance of the title role of The Constant Prince in 1965, Polish director Jerzy Grotowski made a breakthrough in 20th century theatre history and“poor theatre”immediately became a well known brand name. “This is a technique of the‘trance,’”announced Grotowski in 1965, “The true pivotal point of an actor’s ability to act is his readiness for trance, or rather concentration.”Although he insisted that an actor could learn this technique and reach a state of trance by cultivating an introspective attitude, maintaining physical relaxation and building mental concentration, Grotowski eliminated much of his talks on trance acting when they were published in Towards a Poor Theatre in 1968. According to recent research conducted by Ronaldo Morelos, the“System”of Constantin Stanislavski is in the main a system of psycho-physical exercises to help an actor attain the trance or “creative state”(using Stanislavski’s own jargon). Furthermore, the secrets of great performers which Stanislavski discovered in 1906-07, namely, “relaxation,”“concentration,” and “inner feeling of truth,” which laid the foundation of the“System,”are highly similar to Grotowski’s three constituent elements of trance technique. A certain technique of “trance,”no matter how troublesome this term might prove, was therefore in the core of the acting methods of Stanislavski and Grotowski, but unfortunately due to political or economic reasons have been long forgotten. This paper argues for the re-recognition of this extremely creative core technique through the knowledge and practice of certain yogic meditation which both masters appreciated in their own times.
期刊論文
1.姚海星(19961000)。史丹尼斯拉夫斯基在蘇聯。藝術評論,7,219-237。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.鍾明德(20100400)。從「動即靜」的源頭出發回去:一個受葛羅托斯基啟發的「藝乘」研究。長庚人文社會學報,3(1),71-112。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.葛羅托斯基、鍾明德(20090100)。邁向貧窮劇場。戲劇學刊,9,41-47。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.Kuharski, Allen J.(1999)。Jerzy Grotowski: Ascetic and Smuggler。Theater,29(2),10-15。  new window
5.Barba, Eugenio、Flaszen, Ludwik、Sanzenbach, Simone(1965)。A Theatre of Magic and Sacrilege。The Tulane Drama Review,9(3),172-189。  new window
6.Croyden, Margaret(1969)。Notes from the Temple: A Grotowski Seminar。The Drama Review,14(1) ; T45,178-183。  new window
7.Lendra, I. W.(1991)。Bali and Grotowski: Some Parallels in the Training Process。The Drama Review (1988-),35(10,113-139。  new window
8.Munk, Erika、Coco, Bill、Croyden, Margaret(1969)。"Notes from the Temple: A Grotowski Seminar," and "An Interview with Margaret Croyden"。The Drama Review,14(1),178-183。  new window
9.Wegner, William H.(1976)。The Creative Circle: Stanislavski and Yoga。Educational Theatre Journal,28(1),85-89。  new window
10.White, Ar. Andrew(2006)。Stanislavsky and Ramacharak: The Influence of Yoga and Turn-of- the Century Occultism on the System。Theatre Survey,47(1),73-92。  new window
研究報告
1.Wolford, Lisa Ann(1996)。Grotowsk’s Objective Drama Research。Mississippi。  new window
學位論文
1.Dunkelberg, Kermit(2008)。Grotowski and North American Theatre: Translation, Transmission, Dissemination(博士論文)。New York University。  new window
2.朱宏章(2004)。論「斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基體系」於當代表導演藝術教育中之價值:以兩岸教學現況為例(博士論文)。中央戲劇學院,北京。  延伸查詢new window
3.李宗芹(2010)。身體力場:舞蹈治療中的身體知識。輔仁大學。  延伸查詢new window
4.Laster, Dominika(2011)。Grotowski’s Bridge Made of Memory: Embodied Memory, Witnessing and Transmission in the Grotowski Work。New York University。  new window
5.Wolford, Lisa Ann(1996)。The Occupation of the Saint: Grotowski’s Art as Vehicle。Northwestern University。  new window
圖書
1.Stanislavsky, C.、Chu, B. I.(2006)。我的藝術生活。臺北市:書林。  延伸查詢new window
2.Benedetti, Jean(2007)。The Art of the Actor: The Essential History of Acting, from Classical Times to the Present Day。New York:Routledge。  new window
3.Richards, Thomas(1995)。At Work with Grotowski on Physical Actions。London:Routledge。  new window
4.隆波通(2009)。正念動中禪的原理與方法。臺北:正念動中禪學會。  延伸查詢new window
5.Barba, Eugenio(1999)。Land of Ashes and Diamonds: My Apprenticeship in Poland。Black Mountain Press。  new window
6.Armstrong, Karen(2005)。A Short History of Myth。Canongate Books Ltd.。  new window
7.Turner, Victor Witter(1988)。The Anthropology of Performance。New York:PAJ Publications。  new window
8.Benedetti, Jean(1998)。Stanislavski and the Actor。Methuen Drama。  new window
9.Slowiak, James、Cuesta, Jairo(2007)。Jerzy Grotowski。Abingdon, England;New York:Routledge。  new window
10.Allain, Paul(2009)。Grotowski’s Empty Room。London; New York:Seagull Books。  new window
11.Kumiega, Jennifer(1985)。The Theatre of Grotowski。Methuen。  new window
12.鍾明德(2001)。神聖的藝術:葛羅托斯基的創作方法研究。臺北市:揚智文化事業股份有限公司。new window  延伸查詢new window
13.Grotowski, Jerzy、Wolford, Lisa、Schechner, Richard(1997)。The Grotowski Sourcebook。New York:Routledge。  new window
14.鍾明德(1999)。舞道。臺北:時報出版公司。  延伸查詢new window
15.Grotowski, Jerzy(1968)。Towards a Poor Theatre。New York:Simon and Schuster。  new window
16.鍾明德(2007)。從貧窮劇場到藝乘:薪傳葛羅托斯基。書林出版公司。  延伸查詢new window
17.林陵、史敏徒、史坦尼斯拉夫斯基(1985)。演員自我修養:第一部。史坦尼斯拉夫斯基全集‧第二卷。北京。  延伸查詢new window
18.鄭雪來、史坦尼斯拉夫斯基(1985)。演員自我修養:第二部。史坦尼斯拉夫斯基全集‧第三卷。北京。  延伸查詢new window
19.鄭雪來、史坦尼斯拉夫斯基(1985)。演員創作角色。史坦尼斯拉夫斯基全集‧第四卷。北京。  延伸查詢new window
20.鄭雪來、姜麗、孫維善、史坦尼斯拉夫斯基(1985)。史坦尼斯拉夫斯基全集。北京:中國電影出版社。  延伸查詢new window
21.史坦尼斯拉夫斯基、瑪‧阿‧弗烈齊阿諾娃(1990)。史坦尼斯拉夫斯基體系精華。北京:中國電影出版社。  延伸查詢new window
22.Manderino, Ned(1989)。The Transpersonal Actor: Reinterpreting Stanislavski。Los Angeles:Manderino Books。  new window
23.Benedetti, Jean(1988)。Stanislavski。London。  new window
24.Carnicke, Sharon Marie(2009)。Stanislavsy in Focus: An Acting Master for the Twenty-first Century。New York。  new window
25.Flaszen, Ludwik(2010)。Grotowski SL Company。Holstebro, Denmark。  new window
26.Gunaratana, Venerable Henepola(1991)。Mindfulness in Plain English。Taipei。  new window
27.Manderino, Ned(2001)。Stanislavski’s Fourth Level: A Superconscious Approach to Acting。Los Angeles。  new window
28.Morelos, Ronaldo(2009)。Trance Forms: A Theory of Performed States of Consciousness。  new window
29.Riefenstahl, Leni(1976)。The People of Kau。New York:St. Martin's Press。  new window
30.Yogananda, Paramahansa(2003)。Autobiography of a Yogi。LA。  new window
31.Robbins, J. J.、Stanislavski, Constantin(1924)。My Life in Art。New York:Theatre Arts Books。  new window
32.Hapgood, Elizabeth Reynolds、Stanislavski, Constantin(1948)。An Actor Prepares。Taipei。  new window
33.Teresa of Avila Saint(2003)。The Life of St. Teresa of Jesus, of The Order of Our Lady of Carmel。Grand Rapids, MI:Christian Classics Ethereal Library。  new window
34.Thich Nhat Hanh(1988)。Breathe! You Are Alive。London。  new window
35.Currier, Robert. S.(1999)。Monologue: My Dinners with Jerzy。Callboard。  new window
36.Grotowski, Jerzy(1998)。A Kind of Volcano。Gurdjieff: Essays and Reflections on the Man and His Teaching。New York。  new window
37.Marotti, Ferruccio(2005)。The Constant Prince by Jerzy Grotowski: Reconstruction。48 minutes。Italy。  new window
38.Schechner, Richard(1997)。Exoduction: Shape-shifter, shaman, trickster, artist, adept, director, leader, Grotowski。The Grotowski Sourcebook。New York。  new window
39.Sontag, Susan(1982)。The Aesthetics of Silence。A Susan Sontag Reader。New York。  new window
40.Taviani, Ferdinando(1997)。In Memory of Reyszard Cieslak.。The Grotowski Sourcebook。New York。  new window
其他
1.Daly, Owen(2011)。Grotowski and Yoga,http://owendaly.com/jeff/Grotowb.htm, 20110725。  new window
2.Horowitz, Carl(2007)。An Actor Prepares and Yoga,http://www.yogascope.com/blog/2007/01/actor-prepares-and-yoga.html, 20110802。  new window
3.Osho(2010)。Be Still and Know, chapter 5,http://www.osho.com/library/online-library-indifferent-unattached-become-28640c73-a02.aspx, 20110715。  new window
4.Shephard, William(2000)。Acting As Bliss,http://www.halifaxfarm.eom/jeff/grotows8.htm, 20110715。  new window
5.Young, Shinzen(2012)。How Meditation Works,http://here-and-now.org/VSI/Articles/TheoryMed/theoryHow.htm。  new window
圖書論文
1.Ruffini, Franco(2009)。The empty room: studying Jerzy Grotowski's Towards a poor theatre。Grotowski's empty room。Seagull Books。  new window
2.Fumaroli, Marc(2009)。Grotowski, or the Border Ferryman。Grotowski's Empty Room。New York:Seagull Books。  new window
 
 
 
 
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